Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest Essay -- Oscar Wilde Imp

Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being EarnestWebsters dictionary defines earnest as characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious state of mind. This definition is subject to total upheaval by Oscar Wilde in The Importance of Being Earnest. The title suggests a treatise on the value of solemnity in everyday life. However, Wilde presents us with an ironic present that leaves us with the opposite lesson. None of the characters benefit from propriety. The least serious characters, Algernon and Jack ar rewarded in the end for their frivolous behavior throughout the play, implying that there is very little, if any, importance to being earnest, excepting that you give the appearance of such, for example the name. In several instances, nevertheless indirectly, Wilde draws back the curtain of convention in the Victorian age and shows us the ridiculousness of such a passionate attachment to gravity. Before the name or adjective is even used the reader is presented with two men, Algernon (the purveyor of un-earnestness) and Jack, his protg in deceit and jocularity. The discussion on their alternate personas escapades introduces us to the irony of the title. You have of all time told me it was Ernest. I have introduced you to everyone as Ernest. You answer to the name of Ernest. You look as if your name was Ernest. You are the most earnest-looking person I ever saw in my life. It is perfectly absurd your saying that you name isnt Ernest. (Act I p. 14) Not alone does Wilde put the concept of being earnest into question throughout the play but he doubles the irony by adding such importance to the name itself. For Algernon to tell Jack he is being ridiculous by maintain he has been lying about his name and... ... on Victorian culture, the modern day reader is left with disdain for the earnest ideal. The characters rely on it only superficially. Through the play the meaning of the enounce is manipulated until its meaning is lost and the remainin g value of the word is to essentially mask the true natures of the people who use the word (or name) too freely. The implication is that the characters in the play are silly as well as hypocritical, and as representatives of Victorian culture, Wilde is leading the reader to the conclusion that a good deal of the decorum expounded by society is just as silly and hypocritical. Luckily for the proponents of the stiff propriety in the Victorian age, the blow of this conclusion is softened immensely by the comical nature of the play, and we are left with the lesson that there is really no importance in being earnest, but merely being named Ernest.

Investigating Osmosis in Potato Cells :: Papers

Investigating Osmosis in Potato Cells Planning Aim- To investigate the effect of dissimilar concentrations of saccharose solution, on potato cellular telephones Osmosis- Osmosis is the public life of high urine concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration, i.e. the passage of water. Explanation of osmosis For osmosis to occur there must be semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material (cell membranes are semi-permeable) which sanction some things to pass through them alone prevent other things from passing through. Cell membranes will allow small molecules like Oxygen, water, Carbon Dioxide, etc. to pass through. Cell membranes will not allow larger molecules like Sucrose, etc. to pass through. Regions of high concentrated water are either a very dilute solution of something like sucrose or pure water. In each case there is a lot of water, there is a high concentration of water. Regio ns of low concentrated water are a concentrated solution of something like sucrose. In this case there is much less water. If the solution surrounding the cell has a higher(prenominal) water concentration than the cell, the cell will gain water by osmosis. Water molecules are free to pass across the cell membrane in both directions, but more water will come into the cell than will leave. The cell is likely to swell up and become turgid. If the solution is only the uniform water concentration as the cell there will be no movement of water across the cell membrane. Water crosses the cell membrane in both directions, but the amount going in is the same as the amount going out. The cell will stay the same size. If the solution has a lower concentration of water than the cell the cell will lose water by osmosis. Again, water crosses the cell membrane in both directions, but this time more water leaves the cell than enters it. Therefore the cell will shrink a nd become flaccid Potato plant cells- Plant cells ever so have a strong cell wall covering them.

A Rose for Emily Essays -- A Rose For Emily, William Faulkner

Desperation for love arising from detachment place lead to extreme measures and destructive actions as exhibited by the tumultuous relationships of Miss Emily in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily (rpt. in Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson, Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense, 9th ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2006 556). Miss Emily is confined from society for the majority of her life by her return, so later he has died, she longs for relations that ironic every(prenominal)y her longing destroys. The despondency and obsession exuded throughout the story portray the predicament at hand. Miss Emilys relationship with her father is a key factor in the development of her isolation. As she is growing up, he will not let anybody around his daughter, particularly young suitors. The town assumes his finale is due to the idea that the Griersons hold themselves a little too high for what they really are to the point that none of the young men are quite good enough (559). Because Emilys f ather keeps her from everyone, she becomes very attached to him. He dies when she is nearly thirty, her only companion gone. Her strong bond to him is so severe that after his death, she denies he was dead at all and will not give his body up to the authorities for three days. The town observes that because she has nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, meaning Emily is so desperate for a companion that when her father is gone, she has nothing left to cling to but him (559). However, he has a lasting effect on her that contributes to her isolation. He instills the Grierson pride, so Daugherty 2that she oft does not interact with others. His influence is too virulent and too furious to die (562). Emily has a ... ...ther is concerned, he denies her the chance for love and detaches her from society. Partial blame can be placed on the attitude he instills in her so that she possesses the dignity of the last Grierson (560). She holds herself above others in the town, save Homer. The towns fickleness and disconnection towards her agitate her further into isolation. All of these factors finally result in the relationship with Homer. She is so desperate for contact and for love that when she finds them, she is terrified of their leaving. She is pushed then to kill Daugherty 4Homer, so that love will never leave her again. Miss Emily is a desperate individual formed by the relationships that isolated her, which resulted in her extreme actions. Emily and Homers short insofar long livedrelationship reveals a common effect of love denied and confinement from contact destruction.

Type 1 diabetes :: essays research papers

Squats Versus LungeThe purpose of my project grade sheet is to get a better understanding of the movement I chose which was squats versus lunges. The body of my research paper will give the reader a better understanding of the following for my specific movement. Anatomy The origin and insertions that argon tortuous include the Glutes- gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, Hamstrings- lliotibial band, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, adductor magnus, gracilis, semimembranosus. Calves- Gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus brevis, flexor hallucis longus. Thighs- Pectineus, sartorius, adductor longus, tensor fasciae latae, gracilis, quadrangle, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. These muscles originate just beneath the gluteus maximus on the pelvic bone and attach on the tibia. The primary functions are knee flexions which involve bringing the heel towards the gluteus maximus and hip extensions moving the leg to the rear end. Squats and lunges are a simple however very effective exercise for the lower bodies specifically the legs. It helps with balance and coordination which comes very useful for any sporting events as well as muscle development. The hamstrings, gluteus, and quadriceps muscles can be worked by using dumbbells, barbells or just by simply using your own body weight, which we refer to as calisthenics. The most key point to remember about calisthenics is that if your muscles do not receive more stress than what they are used to, you are wasting your time. The advantages of using dumbbells and barbells are more effective in developing the smaller synergistic (helping) muscles and stabilizer muscles. Synergism is the combined effects of two or more parts of forces or agents which is greater than the sum of individual effects. The bone articulations that are involved include the pelvic bone, tibia bone and femur. The soft tissue ligaments (connects bone to bone) and tendons (connects muscle to bone) that are involved are the anterior and posterior cruciates, patella tendon connects quadriceps muscles to patella, and it also involves the shins. Kinetics Sir Isaac Newton a scientist during the 1600s, made observations about the world skirt him. The observations he came up with and out of those he developed the three laws of motion. Newtons laws of motion explain rest, constant motion, and acceleration motion He expound how balance and unbalanced forces act to cause the states of motions. In other words they are fundamental to understanding human movement. The laws that account for my movements are the law of inertia, which is the offset printing law, it states a body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force.

Art Analysis: Claude Monets Water Lilies :: Claude Monet Visual Art Painting Essays Papers

Have you ever looked at a pond and squinted your eyes? Well if you have you would know exactly how Claude Monet felt. Around the time of this house painting Monet was losing his eyesight. It seems to me that this painting was actually meant to be realistic, Monet just painted what he saw, how he saw it. Its kind of weird how he achieved this fuzzy look, he doesnt use either real hard edges on any of the forms, but they arent really go acrossd that much either, It could just be the use of alike colors (in this case discolour and blue) which make the edges of the lilies fade into the edge of the water.One thing I cant figure out is how this painting is balanced so well. The concept of putting all the lilies on the right side would seem to me to weigh that side d receive. Then once again the alike colors come into play and they just seem to fade into each other when you stand back and look at it as a whole. Then also the flowers at the bottom of the painting are the brightest kick downstairs of it and since they are in the middle they just even it out by being the most attentive part. When I first saw this painting I didn?t really see a feeling that Monet was trying to convey. Then I learned that he was loosing his eyesight and went back to look once more. The randomness time I had ever seen it it gave me the subject that as you get older things start to fall apart and get fuzzy. It also seems to be the same message in all the paintings after that , because they seem to get weirder and more abstract. Like he cant even control whats going on in his own life.

Art Analysis: Claude Monets Water Lilies :: Claude Monet Visual Art Painting Essays Papers

Have you ever looked at a pond and squinted your eyes? Well if you concur you would know exactly how Claude Monet felt. Around the time of this painting Monet was losing his eyesight. It seems to me that this painting was actually meant to be realistic, Monet just painted what he saw, how he saw it. Its kind of supernatural how he achieved this fuzzy look, he doesnt use any real hard edges on any of the forms, but they arent really faded that much either, It could just be the use of alike colour (in this case green and blue) which make the edges of the lilies fade into the edge of the water.One thing I cant figure out is how this painting is fit so well. The concept of putting all the lilies on the right side would seem to me to weigh that side down. Then once again the alike colors come into play and they just seem to fade into each other when you stand back and look at it as a whole. Then similarly the flowers at the bottom of the painting are the brightest part of it and sinc e they are in the middle they just tied(p) it out by being the most observant part. When I first saw this painting I didn?t really see a feeling that Monet was trying to convey. Then I learned that he was loosing his eyesight and went back to look once more. The second time I had ever seen it it gave me the message that as you get older things start to fall unconnected and get fuzzy. It also seems to be the same message in all the paintings after that , because they seem to get weirder and more abstract. Like he cant even control whats going on in his own life.

Critical Thinking, Apple Inc.

orchard apple tree INC 2 Voted as the most innovative company for three consecutive years during 2006-2008 and voted as Americas number 1 most Admired Company (McGregor, 2008), apples faces a major challenge to continue growth at this level. Describe cardinal factors you think orchard apple tree should consider as the company develops long-term strategy for growth. I think that as Apple continues to move forward with out the control force that was Steve Jobs, they have to consider the impact that competitors are freeing to have on their commercialise share.There are now several competing devices similar to the iPhone, iPod, and iPad in the market place now. Apple will have to continue the tradition of innovation, and homegrown product development to stay on top. With new leadership, comes new ways of doing things. level though the new CEO of Apple inc, Tim Cook is a Steve Jobs protege, he will have his own style, and it remains to be seen how much of an impact that is going to have in the future. For the moment Apple seems to be doing just fine. Current earnings over this period a year ago are up. (Apple Inc. 2012)If Apple were to build a balanced scorecard, what two objectives do you think should be included in the learning and growth perspective? In a knowledge-worker organization, battalion the only repository of knowledge are the main resource. (Balanced Score Card Institute, 2012) Apple should continue to ensure the professional development of its managers and engineers. The talents of these people have brought Apple to where it is today. Product development should be another objective. Apple inc. has been doing things right (for them) for quite awhile now.Their ability to innovate, and develop products that are simple to use has been one of the keys to their success. APPLE INC. 3 References Balanced Score Card Institute. (2012),Balanced Score Card Institute- A Strategy Management Group Company Retrieved June 10, 2012 from http//www. balancedscore card. org/BSCResources/AbouttheBalancedScorecard/tabid/55/Default. aspx Apple Inc. (2012) Apple Inc. Retrieved June 10, 2012 from http//www. apple. com/pr/library/2012/04/24Apple-Reports-Second-Quarter-Results. html

Administrative Ethics Essay

This article presents a case study highlighting the conflict between an individuals right to privacy and the rights of patients and round to know when a professional standard has been breached. The process by which the administrator make up ones minds a course of action is reviewed in the context of spurt space realities through an respectable analysis. The growth of information systems and the increased involvement of third parties in decision-making have created new issues regarding confidentiality and the release of sensitive information for health cargon personnel who are in a position of public trust.The issues facing nursing administrators are complex, and of particular concern are the conflicting demands of providing quality vex with limited resources. The authors post strategies to deal with the workplace issues that give rise to the potential for abuse as well as the strategies to support an impaired colleague who attempts to reenter the workforce (Badzek, Mitchell, Ma rra, & Bower, 1998).When asking the everyday public what health care ethics and health care privacy mean, most will relate that they are about protecting patients. Health care ethics and health care privacy do exist to protect patients and to ensure that care is delivered with moral and respectable standards. Health care ethics non only apply to patients, but to organizations as well. The rapidly changing world of health care is witnessing a growing need for institutional ethics that includes honest employer-employee coincidences.The article cited in this paper highlights two managers that encounter an employee diverting narcotics on the job, how each manager deals with this incident, and the ethical dilemma of whether this employee is entitled to confidentiality or if fellow rung should be informed of the narcotic abuse. Identifying and analyzing the ethical question is how the best possible solution may be regardd. By examining the issue and its impact on the creation aff ected, discussing the proposed solution, and highlighting the ethical and legal implications of the issue will explain managerial responsibilities in this case. Issue and ImpactThe article reflects the ethical dilemma of whether or not an employee who has been identified as using diverted narcotics on the job is entitled to confidentiality or if the staff involved with the employee are entitled to know about the dose abuse. Jackie is a nurse that has returned to work after taking many years off to raise a family. She takes a job at a infirmary working in the flexible staffing pool. As time passes, Jackie finds that work is extremely stressful because she rarely whole kit and caboodle in the same unit. She is asked to pass meds and perform work she is unfamiliar with and despite asking for help, has not received adequate support.The increasing stress leads Jackie to divert narcotics. Jackies diversion of narcotics goes unnoticed for quite awhile because she works in so many diffe rent units. She is eventually discovered when she spends three weeks in the same unit covering for someones vacation. Michele and Karen are some(prenominal) nursing administrators involved in Jackies case. Jackie reports directly to Karen, who is head of the flexible nursing pool. Michele is the nursing administrator of the unit Jackie was discovered diverting narcotics from.Karen makes the decision to assigning Jackie a leave of absence to pursue rehabilitation. The stipulation of completion of the rehabilitation program will allow Jackie to return to her job. Karen does not report Jackie to the State jury of Registered Professional Nurses because she is actively engaging in rehabilitation activities. Following these events, Michele meets with the human resources director, the nurse manager of the unit Jackie was working on when the drugs were diverted, and the chair of the nursing ethics committee to determine if further action should be taken.Michele believes that Jackie has a right to privacy and confidentiality, but thinks that an on the loose(p) staff discussion is needed to highlight for the staff the prevalence of nurse addiction. She also wants to identify if anyone knew or suspected Jackies diversion of narcotics and didnt act. Karens concern is motivated by not cognise how to handle Jackies issue should she return to work and by the fact that Jackie compromised patients pain relief by diverting their narcotics. Karen objected to planning an open staff meeting because she feltit would compromise Jackies confidentiality. Supporting the Proposed Solution The issues to address involve separating the greater good of the patient population and the rights of the other staff from the individual right of Jackies confidentiality. Karen believes that confidentiality should be protected without exception and that the corrective action initiated by the administration was adequate. Karen also argues that if Jackies situation becomes common intimacy to staff , they might fear that other confidential information will be shared by administration.Michele believes that Jackies actions warranted a discussion with the nursing staff to determine if anyone knew or suspected and why they did not act. Despite Jackies willing participation in rehabilitation, she still needs to self-report to the State Board of Nursing. Mandatory reporting for most state boards includes actual or suspected drug diversion (Arizona State Board of Nursing, 2012). The State Board of Nurse Examiners assesses each report and potful take disciplinary action, ranging from a reprimand, probation, suspension, revocation, or refusal to renew a license (Badzek et al., 1998). Michele needs to collect information about her organizational indemnity and procedures in relation to impaired employees. The state Nurse Practice Act provides standards of practice that reflect current state laws and regulations. In the absence of relevant law, ethics help determine what is morally acc eptable (Weinstein, 1995). Information regarding the ethical and proper management of nurses with substance abuse problems is also available through the American Associations of Colleges of Nursing (AACN).The arguments for protecting hole-and-corner(a) information are closely linked to human dignity and respect (Garrett, Baillie, & Garrett, 2009). It is incredibly important for Michele to utilize all of these resources to sort through her legal and ethical obligations to patients, Jackie, other staff, and her profession. Managerial Responsibility Michele ultimately honors Jackies privacy and confidentiality, but in order to fulfill her ethical obligation to the nursing profession, she also finds solutions to place measures to provide competent, ethical nursing conduct. Solutions include 1) clarifying policies and issues of employeeconfidentiality 2) Identifying and developing education for administration in identification of ethical issues and decision making 3) Reviewing and impro ving policy in regards to impaired employees 4) Educating all staff about the signs and symptoms of drug abuse, reporting filmments, and the available resources. Conclusion When discussing privacy and confidentiality in healthcare we often assume that this is in regards to patients only. What the healthcare community is finding is that it is equally important to have clear policy and code regarding privacy in employer-employee relations.Ethical dilemmas are complex and require collection of all pertinent information to find ethical solutions. This paper highlighted an ethical dilemma that involved a choice between honoring an employees privacy and disclosing important information involving substance abuse to the other staff. Examining the facts and collecting information from professional organizations and regulatory agencies assisted in reaching an ethical decision. non only was the employees privacy honored, the organization improved processes to recognize and deal with substanc e abuse more effectively.

Cruise Control

Dept. of Electronics & Communication RVCE, Bangalore Cruise Control System Cruise suppress is a new technological development which incorporates a agentive role of comfort in driving. Safety is only a sm both benefit of this administration. In short, travel ascendency can be said to be a frame which uses the principles of radar to determine the distances between two consecutive moving vehicles in which either one or both of them is incorporated with this system. Lalitha Chinmayee H M 1RV11EC052 Namratha H Mahesh 1RV11EC062 IntroductionEvery minute, on average, at least one person dies in a crash. activate bags and seat belts save tens of thousands of people a year. But the ultimate solution and the only thing that allow for save uttermost more lives, limbs and money is travel founder got system. Cruise tally was commercially posed in 1958 as an option on the Chrysler Imperial. Cruise mesh is an invaluable feature on American gondolas. Without travel swear, lon g road trips would be more tiring, for the driver at least, and those of us suffering from lead-foot syndrome would probably get a lot more velocity tickets.Cruise obtain is far more common on American cars than European cars, because the roads in America argon generally bigger and straighter, and destinations are farther apart. With dealing continually increasing, basic cruise go through is becoming less useful, but instead of becoming obsolete, cruise hold systems are adapting to this new reality soon, cars ordain be equipped with adaptive cruise control, which will allow your car to follow the car in front of it while continually adjusting speed to fend for a safe distance. What is Cruise Control System?Cruise control is a system, which mechanically controls the speed of an automobile. Most cruise control systems dont allow the use of cruise control below a certain speed. The purpose of the cruise control system is to maintain a eternal vehicle speed despite external dis turbances, such as changes in wind or road grade. This is accomplished by measuring the vehicle speed, comparing it to the in demand(p) or reference speed, and automatically adjusting the flatulence according to a control law. The cruise control system actually has a lot of functions other than imperative the speed of your car.It can accelerate or decelerate with the overwork of a exit. T present are also several important safety features the cruise control will disengage as soon as you hit the brake foot pedal, and it wont engage at speeds less than a particular value (usually around 25-30 mph). We all know that the things that control the speed of the car are the gas pedal and the brakes. And the brain that normally controls the speed of the car is the brain of the driver. The driver senses the speed by looking at the speedometer and then adjusting the pressure on the gas pedal or the brakes to compensate for variations in the desired speed.The cruise control system does t he same thing with one leave oution. It only controls the gas pedal it doesnt even know there are brakes in the car A Blind inventor and mechanical engineer called Ralph Teetor, invented cruise control in 1943. pic Modelling To understand the working of a cruise control system, we consider here a simple imitate of the vehicle dynamics, shown in the free-body diagram (FBD) below. The vehicle, of mass m, is acted on by a control force, u. The force u represents the force generated at the road/tire interface.For this simplified model we will assume that we can control this force directly and will neglect the dynamics of the functiontrain, tires, etc. , that go into generating the force. The resistive forces, bv, due to rolling resistance and wind drag, are assumed to vary linearly with the vehicle velocity, v, and act in the direction opposite the vehicles motion. pic skeletal frame 1 Summing forces in the x-direction and applying Newtons 2nd law, we arrive at the following system comparison (1)pic (1) Since we are interested in controlling the speed of the vehicle, the output equation is chosen as follows 2)pic (2) Taking Laplaces transform for equation (1), we get m sV(s) + b. V(s)=U(s) (3) We find the transfer function of the cruise control system to be pic pic framing 2 squeeze Diagram despotic the Cruise Control The brain of a cruise control system is a small electronic computer that is normally found under the hood or behind the dashboard. It connects to the hit man control as well as several detectors. The diagram below shows the input signals and outputs of a typical cruise control system. pic Figure 3 Cruise Control Working Block DiagramA good cruise control system accelerates aggressively to the desired speed without overshooting, and then maintains that speed with little deviation no matter how much weight is in the car, or how steep the hill you drive up. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application ofcontrol system theory. Si nce the cruise control system controls the speed of the car by adjusting the die position, it needs sensors to tell it the speed and throttle position. It also needs to monitor the controls so it can tell what the desired speed is and when to disengage.The most important input is the speed signal the cruise control system does a lot with this signal. The most basic control system is aproportional control. In a proportional control system, the cruise control adjusts the throttle proportional to the error, the error being the difference between the desired speed and the actual speed. So, if the cruise control is set at 60 mph and the car is way out 50 mph, the throttle position will be open quite far. When the car is going 55 mph, the throttle position opening will be only half of what it was before.The result is that the closer the car gets to the desired speed, the slower it accelerates. Also, if you were on a steep enough hill, the car might not accelerate at all. Most cruise co ntrol systems use a control scheme calledproportional-integral-derivative control (PIDcontrol). The integral of speed is distance. The derivative of speed is acceleration. A PID control system uses these three factors proportional, integral and derivative, calculating each individually and adding them to get the throttle position. Weve already discussed the proportional factor.Theintegralfactor is based on thetime integral of the vehicle speed error. Translation the difference between the distance your car actually travelled and the distance it would have travelled if it were going at the desired speed, calculated over a set period of time. This factor helps the car deal with hills, and also helps it settle into the correct speed and stay there. Lets say your car starts to go up a hill and slows down. The proportional control increases the throttle a little, but you may still slow down.After a little while, the integral control will start to increase the throttle, opening it more a nd more, because the longstanding the car maintains a speed slower than the desired speed, the larger the distance error gets. Now lets add in the final factor, thederivative. The derivative of speed is acceleration. This factor helps the cruise control respond quickly to changes, such as hills. If the car starts to slow down, the cruise control can see this acceleration (slowing down and speeding up are both acceleration) before the speed can actually change much, and respond by increasing the throttle position. pic Figure 4 Block Control of Cruise Control Model Setting of Cruise Control pic pic Figure 5 & 6 Setting of Cruise Control using buttons The system pictured above has five buttons On, Off, Set/Accel, Resume and Coast. It also has a sixth control the brake pedal, and if the car has a manual transmission the clutch bag pedal is also hooked up to the cruise control. The on and off buttons dont actually do much. Hitting the on button does not do anything except tell the c ar that you might be hitting another button soon.The off button turns the cruise control off even if it is engaged. Some cruise controls dont have these buttons instead, they turn off when the driver hits the brakes, and turn on when the driver hits the set button. The set/accel button tells the car to maintain the speed you are presently driving. If you hit the set button at 45 mph, the car will maintain your speed at 45 mph. retentivity down the set/accel button will make the car accelerate and on this car, tapping it one time will make the car go 1 mph faster. If you recently disengaged the cruise control by hitting the brake pedal, hitting the resume button will command the car to accelerate back to the most recent speed setting. Holding down the coast button will cause the car to decelerate, just as if you took your foot completely off the gas. On this car, tapping the coast button once will cause the car to slow down by 1 mph. The brake pedal and clutch pedal each have a tack together that disengages the cruise control as soon as the pedal is pressed, so you can shut off the cruise control with a light tap on the brake or clutch.Adaptive Cruise Control System A more advanced cruise control is being developed that can automatically adjust a cars speed to maintain a safe following distance. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an automotive feature that allows a vehicles cruise control system to adapt the vehicles speed to the traffic environment. This new technology, called adaptive cruise control, uses forward-looking radar (or lidar light detecting and ranging. But lidar based ACCs are limited due to poor working in bad weather), installed behind the grill of a ehicle, to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead of it. pic Figure 7 Adaptive Cruise Control System Adaptive cruise control is similar to schematic cruise control in that it maintains the vehicles pre-set speed. However, unlike conventional cruise control, this new system can a utomatically adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor and longitudinal controller.If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed. The 77-GHz Autocruise radar system made by TRW has a forward-looking range of up to 492 feet (150 meters), and operates at vehicle speeds ranging from 18. 6 miles per hour (30 kph) to 111 mph (180 kph). Delphis 76-GHz system can also detect objects as far away as 492 feet, and operates at speeds as low as 20 mph (32 kph).These systems are being enhanced to include collision warning capabilities that will warn drivers through visual and/or audio signals that a collision is imminent and that braking or evasive steering is needed. In May 1998, Toyota became the first to introduce an ACC system on a production vehicle,luxury sedan. Main Parts & Working of ACCs The main components of a typical radar-based ACC system are 1. Fusion sensor 2. Headway control unit 3. Throttle 4. Brake 5. Dashboard display Fusion sensor It is a combination of sensors and processors.They are 1. Millimetre-wave radar 2. Stereo photographic camera 3. Image processor 4. Fusion processor pic Figure 8 Architecture of Radar Based ACC System Millimetre wave radar It is a sensor which uses millimetre wave for detecting the position and velocity of a distant object. Range is calculated using the formula C = 2*R/T Where, C is the velocity of light, R is the range, T is the time of flight of transmission. pic Figure 9 Millimetre Radar Unit Stereo camera The cameras function is detection of cars and other objects in the roadway.Image processor It processes the images from the stereo camera and the data fed into the fusion processor. Fusion processorThe function of fus ion processor is Data Fusion. Headway control unit It has control on the brakes and throttle and uses dashboard for immediate warnings. Canceling Cruise Control Operation Brake pedal is pressed Off button is pressed Vehicle Speed 25 mph An ACC system fault is detected pic Figure 10 A car model with advanced cruise control system First, the vehicle speed sensor might become flat. Normally the speedometer also fails so thats pretty easy to diagnose.Next, the power to the brain can be interrupted (Here brain is referred to the cruise control system as it works similar to brain). A blown fuse or a corroded connector can prevent the brain from working correctly or at all. Next, the brains can lose its ability to function. A faulty component can prevent the brain from doing its thing. The brain is a pretty sophisticated box that contains a lot of electronic components including a microprocessor. Normally when the brains fail you need to replace the box. The vacuum diaphragm can de velop a leak.If that happens then the cruise control might set and hold the speed for near time however if the leak is larger than the supply line and modulator can add vacuum to the system the system will slowly lose control and the vehicle will slow down. This can also happen if the vacuum line to the diaphragm is cracked or loose. Finally, the gene linkage that connects the diaphragm to the accelerator linkage can fail. Some aftermarket cruise control systems use a short length of what looks like fat key chain bead chain. I have seen several units fail when the chain simply breaks. ConclusionBut one drawback is that cruise control systems are dangerous in wet roads and slippery roads as they may cause some serious problems. Fully autonomous car is probably not viable in the foreseen future. Nearby vehicles would be in constant communication with each other and act co-operatively. It will probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become almost as obsolete as plane crashes are now. References 1. www. howstuffworks. com 2. www. cars. com/features/adaptivecruisecontrol 3. www. autorepair. about. com 4. ctms. engin. umich. edu/CTMS/index. php? example=CruiseControl=SystemModeling

Black Codes Essay

The black codes were a an separate word for hate, and the reason I say this because the true meaning of The black codes is a law that stops the blacks from having freedom, and later on they would begin to Force them into owing or as I was taught debt. With legal prohibitions of sla very(prenominal) ordered by the Emancipation Proclamation, acts of state legislature, and eventu aloney the Thirteenth Amendment, Southern states adopted new laws to regulate Black life. This was a very serious law for the blacks it was Mean and made them seem analogous they werent people just like they did the grandfather clause and I say This wasnt a very good matter.This was like the grandfather clause the code is to watch the movement From theirs to the south some laws say black cant hold guns and cant trade produce and they utter this To want them back on the plantation. The black codes were passed by the ex-confederate states after the civil war, the purpose of the Black codes were to come about f reed slaves in a servitude state, to ensure cheap agricultural labor, and to Keep a white dominate position. Yes I say they are right because through with(predicate) the research I found this was The one most popular it was well written it talks about cause it talks about what I said in the first Paragraph.Example Arkansas passed a law prohibiting colored people to Immigrate to Arkansas Another example is Texas required railroad companies to shit separate cars for Black and white people And my last example is Arkansas required separate schools for white and black People, they also made a uprightness called the vagrancy law which meant Any person that a law enforcement Officer or judge deemed To be unemployed and not owning property could be arrested and charged as a Vagrancy. -History.com Radical Republican Reconstruction efforts from 1866-1867, and passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights legislation, helped to greatly eliminate the Black codes. The Union victory in The Civil war may have given some 4 million slaves their freedom, but African Americans faced a new Onslaught of obstacles and injustices during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877). By late 1865, when the 13th Amendment officially outlawed the institution of slavery, the question of freed blacks status in the Postwar South was still very much unresolved.The Freedmens spot also helped the former slaves in the workplace. It tried to make sure that The former slaves received fair wages and freely choose their employers. The function created special The bureau created special Courts to settle disputes between black workers and their white Employers. It could also intervene in other cases that threatened the rights of freedmen. The South Carolina code included a veer form for black servants who agreed to work for white masters. The Form required that the wages and the Term of service be in writing. The contract had to be witnessed And indeed approved by a judge.Other Provisions of th e code listed the rights and obligations of the Servant and master. Black servants had to Reside on the employers property, remain quiet and orderly, Work from daybreak to sunset except on Sundays, and not leave the premises or receive visitors without the Masters permission. Masters could moderately whip servants under 18 to discipline them. Whipping Older servants required a judges Order. Time lost due to illness would be deducted from the servants Wages. Servants who forfeit before the end date of their labor contract forfeited their wages and could be Arrested and returned to their Masters by a judges order.On the other hand, the law protected black Servants from being forced to do Unreasonable tasks. This is how the 1800s were they were very mean, cruel and they never thought about anybody But thither self and I think that the black codes is just a distraction from what they really and I say that They are all people the black the whites and all the other races it just took th em long enough to realize That and I say that is very poorly of them because doesnt matter what you look like or what you reveal Or what your skin color is people are people and we all need to accept that.This is the reason why I Chose the black codes there is no other reason I chose it because people found out the truth that we are A Special in different ways and I like the way we get along to day without racism.