Professional Issues in Nursing - 1248 Words

Reflection of the Professional Issue in Nursing As a nurse, I make judgement that would affect patient’s health every day, I am aware that I have a great duty to ensure my patient’s safety to maintain the public trust (Chitty amp; Black, 2011). After learning this module, it helped me acquire adequate knowledge to better manage legal and ethical issues at work. For the sake of providing a high quality of care to my patients, I must be knowledgeable in both (Croke, 2003). Nowadays, the public is aware of legal issues and organized information is available through the internet. As a result, medical litigation claims have been rapidly increasing. Most claims against nurses are due to medical negligence (Tay, 2001). I am liable for my own†¦show more content†¦Learning point 3: Avoid medical negligence To avoid medical negligence, I think the most important is to prevent the breach of duty of care. According to Bolam test, I will not breach the duty of care if I followed the standard of care (Hurwitz, 1998). In order to meet the standard of care, I need to be a knowledgeable and a safe practitioner, be technically competent, and keep up-to-date with current practice (Chitty amp; Black, 2011). We must be familiarizedShow MoreRelatedLegal and Professional Issues in Nursing4141 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿Legal and Professional Issues in Nursing Introduction Nursing involves forming relationships with patients on many different levels, which will depend on unique sets of circumstances and individual personalities. Illnesses which are considered life-threatening in particular can really require treatment that is complex and physical nevertheless, more tellingly, can awaken compound emotional, mental and spiritual issues for both patient, family and nurse. Experiencing such situations helps nursesRead MoreProfessional Issues Of Aged Care Nursing3088 Words   |  13 PagesSubject: Professional Issues in Aged Care Nursing (903) Assessment Item: 2 Assessment Name: Learning Contract Assignment Tutor: Irene Stein Due Date: 5/06/15 Informed Consent or Informed decision-making in Nursing Parctice The Mosby’s Medical Dictionary defines consent as an approval given by an individual with sufficient mental capacity at a legally competent age. All healthcare practitioners are bound to get consent from an appropriate decision-maker before providing healthcareRead MoreNUR 3119 Professional Nursing: Concepts and Issues1018 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Paper # 1: Transitions Sergo Colin NUR 3119 Professional Nursing: Concepts and Issues My Models of Transition in Nursing The process of transitioning from one phase of life into another is one of the most emotionally complex changes a person can make. Whether this transition is personal or professional in nature, making major adjustments during the course of ones life can lead to an often overwhelming process of reflection, apprehension, and confusion. Psychologists and other researchersRead More Professional, Ethical and Legal issues in nursing Essay2252 Words   |  10 Pagespromotes, advocates for and strives to protect the heath, safety and right of the patient† (p. 6). Nursing responsibilities should be acted at the highest standard and must be based on legal and ethical obligations. Healthcare provider’s perception and judgment in the patient’s well being as well as taking into account the right of the patient in every action is one of the key elements in nursing practice. 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Analysis Of Career Counseling Sessions With A Client

This is a summary of career counseling sessions with a client, by the name of Ellen N., she is currently employed but is considering switching employers. Ellen and I completed various assessments to assist with providing her options for future employment. The assessments utilized were Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Holland Codes, Kuder Career Assessment. Ultimately, determining that this clients’ case would be best served by using the Attachment Theory and the Family System theory in order to assist with making the most effective career choice for this client. On the first night of my Lifestyle and Career Development class we each were assigned a partner to work with for the purpose of learning how to initiate a career counseling case study. My partner for this assignment was Ellen, she and I have collaborated for the last three in a half months, providing one another with as much information as possible to make the outcome of this experience as authentic as possible. Let me start by giving you a little background on Ellen, she is a 25 year old single woman, raised in Belleville, IL, who comes from a family of four to include her mother, older sister, her twin and herself. As it stands, her parents divorced when she was of a young age, and as Ellen recalls, this impacted her greatly especially being a twin. She remembers having a better relationship with her mothers’ family more so than her fathers’ family. It was not like they didShow MoreRelatedThe School Of Thought And The Field Of Psychology1555 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality. This theory was unique with the capability to be applied in various domains of helping professions including psychotherapy and counseling, education, organizations, cross-cultural relations, and other group settings (n/a, 2015). 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In order to be successful I will need my accounting knowledge to keep my business runningRead MoreCounseling Theories and Use in School Setting1717 Words   |  7 PagesCounseling Theories and Their Application in Schools Counseling in schools is more than scheduling students and career planning. Counseling in schools also includes counseling a diverse population with a variety of problems. Understanding counseling theories will help school counselors to effectively help the special populations on their campus. This paper will explore the key concepts, therapeutic process and applications of Adlerian Theory, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Solution Focused BriefRead MoreThe Suicide On The World Trade Center Occurred1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfew months. She was extremely understanding and patient. She helped me to understand my fears and to successfully overcome them. She gave me worksheets and breathing exercises to practice at home. With each session, I felt unconditional support and comfort. I benefited greatly from our sessions, and to this day I use the breathing techniques she taught me to reduce my anxiety. Since that time, I’ve felt compelled to help others cope with their personal struggles, and I’ve become a patient listenerRead MoreCareer Counseling Theory Paper1723 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Counseling Theories: Individuals with Substance Use Disorders The words â€Å"career counseling† and â€Å"substance abuse treatment† on the surface appear as two completely isolated areas, with little interconnection. Personally, as an individual in recovery from addiction, as well as professionally, working as a drug and alcohol case manager, experience has shown me that vocation is very relevant to this population. It is one of the primary goal areas in which I work with my clients on a daily basisRead MoreThe Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt )808 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The purpose of the needs assessment is to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). As an intervention approach in counseling, cognitive behavior therapy is used to assist in managing clients who are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of the needs assessment is to pinpoint the needs for counselors to assist clients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The population of interest is teens diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorderRead MoreTheory Of Group Counseling Paper1438 Words   |  6 Pages Theory of Group Counseling Paper Alex Dossett CHRD 766; Group Counseling South Dakota State University Describe how your experience of the leading, participating in, or observing groups have informed or influenced you regarding your own group leadership skills, leadership style, and perception about groups; Describe your perspectives about the functions of a therapeutic group in assisting client changes; Discuss the elements or factors contributing to the development of the group, andRead MoreCareer Counselling Assignment Pt1 By Ja Essay example1346 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿CAREER COUNSELLING (ASSIGNMENT 1) Qn: ASSESSMENTS ARE AN INTEGRAL PART IN CAREER COUNSELLING. AS A RESPONSIBLE AND TRAINED COUNSELLOR, WHAT ARE THE PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN CONDUCTING AN ASSESSMENT FOR CAREER COUNSELLING THROUGHTOUT THE PROCESS OF INTERVENTION? Many of us who are not in this profession might interpret career counselling incorrectly. We thought it is about undergoing sessions with a counsellor to help us decide or determine what career and vocation we shouldRead MoreShort-term or Brief CounselingTherapy and the Current Mental Health System3048 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Short-term† or â€Å"Brief Counseling/Therapy† and the current mental health system seem to be inexorably linked for at least the foreseeable future. This paper discusses the history, objectives, appropriate clientele, efficacy, and the other benefits, and short comings, of this therapeutic/counseling modality and its relevance to my present career direction, College Counseling. Cognitive-behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Gestalt applications of brief therapy/counseling methods willRead MoreSolution-Focused Therapy for Families2018 Words   |  8 PagesApproach for Counseling Families Name Institution Instructors Name Course Date Solution-Focused Therapy for Families Solution-focused therapy is identified as an effective way of working with individuals and families, since it allows counselors to assist clients find solutions to their problems. The therapy is a type of brief counseling, which focuses on economy and efficacy. This type of therapy is referred to brief counseling for it is conceptually planned and time-focused counseling that purposefully

Annual Report Analysis of Amcor Limited †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Annual Report Analysis of Amcor Limited. Answer: Introduction The present assignment is related to the strategic management of the Australian company Amcor Limited which is currently engaged in the packaging industry. Strategic management is basically the formulation and implementation of the pre-decided objectives and steps taken by the top management of the company and analyzing the different environments in which the organization operates i.e. internal and external environment. Strategic management includes different forms of analysis i.e. Porters 5 forces analysis and Annual report analysis and Balance scorecard analysis. Annual Report Analysis of Amcor Limited Analysis of annual reports of an entity is very important for understanding the position of the company in the competitive environment. These reports are the basic source of information for any person who belongs to the external environment of the company like the investor who has to understand the company and sector. However, it is also necessary to form views on the management of the company and to analyze the financials of the company (Cowan and Deegan, 2011). There are 5 different things which should be analyzed while reading an annual report of a company which is as follows: Statement of Vision and mission of the organization: Vision and mission of an organization are very important in terms of annual report analysis. These statements are general and basic in nature and character. Visions are the long-term objectives of an organization. Goals of the organization can be analyzed by reading the statement of vision and mission. While on the other hand, Missions are the strategic partnerships for building futures organization. Report of the Director: For the brief analysis of annual report of an organization one has to read the past 4 to 5 years directors report to look over that whether the management has achieved the fixed and standard targeted revenue over the past years and whether the strategies and policies adopted over the years were favorable or not for the company. Information about the Corporate: one has to get the details of the bankers, directors, auditors and registered office of the company. However, the main things to look at are the designation of each member of the board and auditors position in the organization. Corporate governance report of the organization: For the detailed analysis of the annual report of an organization, one has to look at the corporate governance followed by the organization, detailed information about the background of companys directors and independent directors, directors attendance at the board meetings of the company, their remunerations as well as re-appointment post the completion of the terms (Morrish, et. al., 2011). Financial Statements: This section provides the brief and detailed information on the income statements, balance sheet, cash flow and financial schedules for the past two years. By analyzing these figures, one can get the help in checking the financial health of the organization. Porters 5 Forces analysis of Amcor Limited Amcor Limited is one of the leading and topmost Australian companies in the sector of materials. Here in this section of the report, the analyst analyzed Porter's 5 forces analysis of Amcor Limited, five forces that shape the strategies for a company. The Porter's 5 Forces are: New Entrants threat Buyers bargaining power Existing players and competitors rivalry Suppliers bargaining power Substitute products threat (Cirnu and TODORU?, 2015). Amcor Limited Porter Five (5) Forces Analysis for Materials Industry New Entrants threat: New entrants in the industry bring innovation, and new styles and techniques of doing the things and they put some extra pressure on the Amcor Limited by lowering the prices of their product and reducing the cost also by giving new value propositions to their customers and the clients. The organization (Amcor Limited) has to face and tackle all the challenges and construct the effective restrictions to protect its competitive corner. Buyers bargaining power: Demand comes naturally from the buyers of a product. Buyers want and desire to purchase the best offers available by paying the minimum consideration for the product. This naturally puts the pressure on the profitability factor of Amcor Limited in the long-run. More powerful customer base results into the higher bargaining power to the buyers and also the higher the ability to seek the raising offers and the discounts (Cirnu and TODORU?, 2015). Existing players and competitors rivalry: Intense competition and rivalry among the existing players of the industry often results in lowering the prices and decrease in the average profitability of the industry. Amcor Limited is operating in a highly competitive and intense rival industry of material. However, this intense rivalry and competition do not take charge and fees on the average profitability of the Amcor Limited. Suppliers bargaining power: All the organizations in the industry of materials purchase the raw material from a no. of various suppliers. Dominancy holding suppliers can lower the profit margin of Amcor Limited which they are earning in the market. Dominant suppliers in the industry use the authority to negotiate the prices from the organizations prevailing in the market (Morrish, et. al., 2011). The impact of this can be seen in lowering the average profitability of materials in the market. Substitute products threat: Industry of the material will suffer if a new product meets the same needs of the customer in various ways. Substitute product threat is high if it provides a value proposition which is entirely different from the current industry offerings. Balanced scorecard analysis Amcor Limited is the leading and topmost global packaging solutions supplying a wide-scoped range of flexible and rigid products of packaging. Amcor Limited is a large organization, having the profits of US$9.5 billion, also employees base of 200, and shareholder size of 66,000. It is also the worlds largest producer of bottles of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Amcor Limiteds senior management is using the balanced scorecard to overlook the divisional and corporate performance, to motive all the staff members and employees of Amcor Limited and also as a tool and equipment for the improvement of the sustainability (Elijido-Ten and Tjan, 2011). Amcor Limited is also providing services in the material, packaging design, recycling, and testing. Amcor Limited is presently structured into a business group of three called as Rigid plastic, Flexible Packaging and tobacco and specialty packaging. The organization is having the competitors like Mondi PLC, Ball Corp, UPM Kymmene OYJ and Sealed Air Corp., however, the organization Amcor is committed to the packaging having the lightweight innovations which protect a thousand tonnes of resources of the earth and CO2 emission through the use of the less raw material. Raw material efficient use lowers the consumption of fuel for the product transportation (McGraw and Dabski, 2010). The company Amcor Limit ed operates strategically with partners throughout the whole value chain of the organization. Packaged products are transported than by the often complexes supply chain for the last and ultimate display and disposal by the global retailers. The life cycle of product packaging can still add the value in the product at the last, as a conclusion of the complexes recovery of the energy and recycling processes. Conclusion By this assignment, the analyst has showcased the overview of the materials industry. Details of Amcor Limited is also given in the report assignment. Annual report analysis is also provided by the analyst of the assignment. After the annual report analysis, the analyst analyzed Porter's 5 forces analysis of Amcor Limited and balanced scorecard analysis of the Amcor Limited. By the assignment, it was clearly analyzed that Amcor Limited is fulfilling all its mission and vision requirements and is operating in the market with an objective of standing and profitability in the industry. References Cirnu, D. and TODORU?, A.V., 2015. ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE.Annals of'ConstantinBrancusi'University of Targu-Jiu.Economy Series. Cowan, S. and Deegan, C., 2011. Corporate disclosure reactions to Australias first national emission reporting scheme.Accounting Finance,51(2), pp.409-436. Elijido-Ten, E. and Tjan, E., 2011. Sustainability balanced scorecard disclosures: An Australian investigation.CSEAR 2011 at University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania. McGraw, P. and Dabski, S., 2010.Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in Australia's Largest Companies.Labour Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work,21(1), pp.390-409. Morrish, S.C., Miles, M.P. and Polonsky, M.J., 2011.An exploratory study of sustainability as a stimulus for corporate entrepreneurship.Corporate social responsibility and environmental management,18(3), pp.162-171. Morrish, S.C., Miles, M.P. and Polonsky, M.J., 2011.An exploratory study of sustainability as a stimulus for corporate entrepreneurship.Corporate social responsibility and environmental Accounting management,18(3), pp.162-171.

Romeo and Juliet is a dramatic love story Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet is a dramatic love story Essay Romeo and Juliet is a dramatic love story. It is about two star crossed lovers that are both in rival gangs one of these is Montegues and the other is Capulets. They marry to the disagreement of both gangs and cause conflict throughout. In the end they both die peacefully. The main themes of the play are conflict between the two gangs, the love of Romeo and Juliet and tragic losses. Romeo belongs to the Montegues gang, he is in love with Juliet, and he kills Tybalt and dies at the end of the play. Juliet belongs to the Capulet family; she is in love with Romeo and marries him. She takes a sleeping pill to avoid marrying Paris and pretend that she is dead and wakes to see Romeo dead beside her and commits suicide. Tybalt belongs to the Capulet gang, he is Juliets cousin he gets himself into a fight with Mercutio and kills him and is then killed by Romeo. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet is a dramatic love story specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet is a dramatic love story specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet is a dramatic love story specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mercutio belongs to the Montegues, he is a friend of Romeos and is killed by Tybalt. Benvolio is also in the Montegues gang, he is a follower of Romeo. Section 1 Leading up to Act 3 Scene I there are many key events which influence the scene. The Prince has ordered that anyone caught fighting will be killed. Romeo and Juliets marriage takes place in secret. Tybalt has seen Romeo at his gangs ball which makes him angry. The key things we learn about the characters in Act 3 Scene 1 are that Mercutio is hot tempered and volatile, he would fight with anyone. Tybalt wants a fight with Romeo because he saw him at the Capulet ball. Mercutio and Tybalt have a fight and Mercutio is killed. After that Romeo intervenes and kills Tybalt for revenge. The audience learn that Mercutio is an angry sort of person and is keen to fight at the slightest provocation. It is also learned that Romeo cares dearly about his friends and is prepared to risk his life for them. He is also quite petty and weak as he blames Juliet for his feminine side. The learn that Tybalt is violent with an aggressive personality and is eager for a fight. In terms of plot the audience learn that the Police will be after Romeo for the crime he has committed, this is a turning point for the tragedy that follows, because the fact that Romeo vanishes to Verona so the Police do not capture him made Juliet take the sleeping potion which lead to Romeo actually committing suicide and Juliet following suit. Section 2 At the start of the scene Benvolio and Mercutio have a friendly conversation which turns to more aggressive banter. Benvolio uses violent imagery although he says he does not want conflict. The hot weather will make people hot tempered and agitated. The heat will make them more stressed and up for a fight. For now hot days is the mal blood stirring . This is an example of aggressive imagery because he is mentioning hot tempers and blood. Mercutio replies by accusing Benvolio of being someone who walks into a pub not wanting a fight but as soon as he has a drink he is up for a fight. Basically saying that Benvolio is usually quick tempered and eager for a fight. Benvolios motivations and aims are to protect Romeo and make sure he doesnt get involved in any violence and fighting. He also wants to stop all violence in the street because he knows the consequences will be because of rules the prince has set. Section 3 Tybalts entrance is important and dramatic because he was angry with Romeo earlier in the play as he crashed the Capulets ball. This could spark off some banter maybe leading to a fight. Mercutios character is hot tempered and aggressive. His reactions to Tybalt are that he starts to twist his words to his own advantage in a aggressive tone. He is quite angry. And but one word with one of us? Couple it with something, make it a word and a blow He tries to confuse Tybalt and mock his polite request for a word with them. The audience begin to get frustrated with Mercutio because he is getting involved with Romeo and Tybalts business. We learn that Tybalts character is initially polite and courteous but he will be prepared to fight with the right person. If you shall find me apt enough to that sir, and how will give me occasion. He is a powerful character and is used to being treated with respect. 2 The tone Tybalt is addressing to Mercutio at this point is at first quite calm and polite , but as Mercutio butts in he begins to get more irritated he continues to insult and challenge him. The tension decreases when it becomes obvious that Tybalt is not interested in fighting with Mecutio, at this point. Now the audience know that Romeo is the man he wishes to confront, so the tension increases in anticipation for an upcoming fight. The audience can now expect conflict between Romeo and Tybalt as Tybalt is saving his anger for his key target. Section 4 In this paragraph I will discuss the dramatic importance of Romeos entrance. It is dramatic because Tybalt has just been speaking about him and we know that he is angry with him. Also we expect conflict because it is a Capulet and Montague together. Tybalts insult to Romeo Villain does not seem too harmful from a modern audiences point of view, however in Shakespearean times it was considered very insulting as it meant Romeo was of a lower class and of lesser importance, but we know that Romeo is from a noble family. Therefore an old Shakespearean audience would expect Romeo to settle the dispute with a dual. At the time the play was set honour and status were hugely important and as Romeo is of a high class he would find it difficult to contain his rage at Tybalts insult. Romeos first words of the scene show that he wants to be friends and that he is not a villain Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting. Villain am I none. Therefore farewell; I see thou knowst me not . Therefore this suggests that his character is laid back and does not want to fight, he is insulted but he is trying to keep peace with Tybalt because they are now related the reason I have to love thee. For the scene as a whole this makes way for the other fight that takes place. However Tybalts reaction is quite the opposite, he insults Romeo by saying Boy and then he invites Romeo to a fight . When the play was set Boy was very disrespectful because it is showing disrespect to Romeos status and belittling him. Romeo is trying to put an end to the ancient grudge but Tybalt refuses to accept this which shows that the feud between the families is destined to end in tragedy. 3 Section 5 Tybalt Mercutio, thou consortest with Romeo Tybalt is innocently asking Mercutio if he knows Romeo. It is important for Shakespearean audience because Tybalt is from a rich family so he is speaking in a formal way to reflect his status. When Tybalt enters the scene he says to his servants Follow me close, for I will speak to them. The Shakespearean audience will expect Tybalt to speak, the modern audience will perceive him as being an important person. The language reflects his forceful personality and status because he is using a command. The drama is the audience wondering what he will say. Mercutio Consort? what dost thou make us minstrels? When Mercutio replies, he twist Tybalts words and takes the words consort out of context. In Shakespeares time a consort referred to a poorly paid group of musicians whose social status would have been lower class. Mercutio is trying to trick Tybalt and provoke him to anger. Heres my fiddlestick; Heres shall make you dance. When Mercutio says this the Shakespearean audience are prepared for a fight with fiddlestick referring to a sword and dance referring to making him dance around with his sword. The modern audience may be a bit confused making thinking that it is a joke. Mercutio is using a clever metaphor to manipulate Tybalt, comparing the sword to a fiddlestick. There is also tension as Mecutio is looking for a fight. 4 Romeo Tybalt, the reason I have to love thee Doth much excuse the appertaining range to such a greeting. Villain I am none. The Shakespearean audience will expect Romeo to have a dual to defend his status when Tybalt calls him a villain. However because he will be related to Tybalt he is trying to settle things down so he can live in peace with Juliet. As he does not want a dual, Shakespearian audiences may think he is be rather cowardly as the word villain in such a strong word. The modern audiences may respect Romeo for showing courage not to fight Tybalt and attempting to settle an argument through words rather than physical force. When Romeo sees that Tybalt has killed Mercutio he says O sweet Juliet. They beauty hath made me effeminate and in my temper softened valours steel Romeo is saying that Juliet has made him more feminine, also that his anger has been softened. He is saying that from now on he will be stronger and more masculine. A modern audience may think he is weak for blaming Juliet for influencing his behaviour. Conclusion This scene is a very important turning point becuae many key things happened. Romeo and Juliets marriage seems to be doomed because of the conflict between the two families. Tybalt and Mercutio die in a violent fight. Romeo is banished from Verona and Benvolio is left to explain what has happened. This scene is very dramatic because the audience are left wondering what Romeo will do about Juliet and when he will come back. Also how both families will cope with the two deaths. 5 I have learnt that Romeo under his argumentative fighting side he is quite affectionate and respectable. I have also learnt that Juliet is affected by Romeos action because he has killed her cousin. I have learnt that Tybalt and Mercutio are hot tempered and volatile. I am now aware that a Shakespearean audience use and understand words that do not seem all that offensive in modern times but have a very offensive meaning behind them, for example villain in Shakespearean times means someone who is of a low status but in modern times some one who is quite mischievous.

US Federal Court System Primer

US Federal Court System Primer Often called the guardians of the Constitution, the U.S. federal court system exists to fairly and impartially interpret and apply the law, resolve disputes and, perhaps most importantly, to protect the rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. The courts do not make the laws. The Constitution delegates making, amending and repealing federal laws to the U.S. Congress. Federal Judges Under the Constitution, judges of all federal courts are appointed for life by the president of the United States, with the approval of the Senate. Federal judges can be removed from office only through impeachment and conviction by Congress. The Constitution also provides that the pay of federal judges shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Through these stipulations, the Founding Fathers hoped to promote the independence of the judicial branch from the executive and legislative branches. Composition of the Federal Judiciary The very first bill considered by the U.S. Senate the Judiciary Act of 1789 divided the country into 12 judicial districts or circuits. The court system is further divided into 94 eastern, central and southern districts geographically across the country. Within each district, one court of appeals, regional district courts and bankruptcy courts are established. The Supreme Court Created in Article III of the Constitution, the Chief Justice and eight associate justices of the Supreme Court hear and decide cases involving important questions about the interpretation and fair application of the Constitution and federal law. Cases typically come to the Supreme Court as appeals to decisions of lower federal and state courts. The Courts of Appeals Each of the 12 regional circuits has one U.S. court of Appeals that hears appeals to decisions of the district courts located within its circuit and appeals to decisions of federal regulatory agencies. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction and hears specialized cases like patent and international trade cases. The District Courts Considered the trial courts of the federal judicial system, the 94 district courts, located within the 12 regional circuits, hear practically all cases involving federal civil and criminal laws. Decisions of the district courts are typically appealed to the districts court of appeals. The Bankruptcy Courts The federal courts have jurisdiction over all bankruptcy cases. Bankruptcy cannot be filed in state courts. The primary purposes of the law of bankruptcy are: (1) to give an honest debtor a fresh start in life by relieving the debtor of most debts, and (2) to repay creditors in an orderly manner to the extent that the debtor has property available for payment. Special Courts Two special courts have nationwide jurisdiction over special types of cases: U.S. Court of International Trade - hears cases involving U.S. trade with foreign countries and customs issues U.S. Court of Federal Claims - considers claims for monetary damages made against the U.S. government, federal contract disputes and disputed takings or claiming of land by the federal government Other special courts include: Court of Appeals for Veterans ClaimsU.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

Manuel Alvarez Bravo essays

Manuel Alvarez Bravo essays Manuel Alvarez Bravo was born on February 4, 1902 in Mexico City. He was the son and grandson of photographers ands painters. When Bravo was just an adolescent the Mexican Revolution had begun in 1910 and lasted through 1920. Bravo can remember running over the hills in Mexico to find a dead soldier just lying their abandoned. During the Revolution nearly one million Mexicans had died due to starvation and fighting between rebels struggling for power . Throughout his twenties Bravo worked as an office boy for the Mexican Treasury Department and did a variety of other things for them until he quit on 1931. His first photography teacher was a man named Hugo Brehme. From Brehme, Bravo learned how to blur through darkroom techniques. Bravo bought his first camera when he was twenty-four years old. Bravo can remember exactly where he got his first camera, I bought my first camera from a firm called Islas Hermanos . Bravo also bought a Verito lens, which diffuses the scene before it, and learned the oil-pigment bromoil developing process, which gave photographers something of the blurred color surface of paintings . Bravo played around with abstract images of folded paper. Next he begun to photograph paintings and murals for a magazine called Mexicana Folkways. In the 1930s Bravo changed from abstract to scenes of modern life in Mexico City. Bravo once said, I was born on Mexico, have lived in Mexico, have gone outside Mexico, and have missed my country. I have returned to my country and I am content with my country: good, bad-and worse than bad still I am enchanted by my country . B ravo loved his country and that is where many of his photographs come from. Bravo later met an American photographer named Edward Weston and his lover Tina Modotti who was also a photographer. From them Bravo learned the clear focus. In 1929 Bravo taught photography at the Esculea Central de Ar ...

Themes of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Themes of War - Essay Example The theme of the author is able to display how war affects every level of society while holding the wrong intent that negatively impacts those directly and indirectly involved without good reason. This is displayed through the monologue and the way that the author describes the specific situation. The first way in which the author describes the problem is with the individuals that are fighting in Iraq and what this has caused to their personal lives. This occurs specifically with Cheo’s brother who is fighting in the war. The conditions which are described show how his brother is suffering not from the fighting but, instead, from the lack of care which is received while being in Iraq. â€Å"He sat in a tank in the middle of the Saudi Arabian desert. Wrote six, seven, eight hours a day. These brilliant letters of fear† (Rivera, 346). The fear is then described with the brother waiting to die while there is nothing to do but wait. This problem is one which continuously ar ises in the main theme, specifically in how it has affected his brother by creating fear and causing him to believe only in death. The conditions of the war and the treatment of the soldiers further show that the Iraqi war is one which is not worth fighting and is only leading to misery and loss of life. The individuals that are affected then move into the familial relationships that have connections to those that are in the war. Cheo, as the main character, is first shown with the effects that he has had toward the war because of him missing his brother and of the pain which he knows he is in. This is followed by his confusion over the rights and beliefs which he knows he should have and which cause a division of whether to believe in the war or not. The problem which arises is first seen with Cheo’s observations of his brother and how he changes from saying that he loves others to fighting them and no longer having this characteristic. The reflection continues with Cheo cha nging his belief in wanting blood and bombs and waiting every day for Iraq to be bombed so his brother can come home (347). The change in the character of Cheo shows how the relationships of the family and those that are waiting for the war to be over affect the situation even more, as well as the attitudes of those that are placed in the war. The problems noted with the family then turn to the dialogue becoming one of a national and societal problem. This creates a connection that moves from the family and into the political and social impact that is created. â€Å"And this billboard went up in my town showing Stalin, Hitler, and Hussein, saying we stopped him twice before we have to stop him again! This billboard was put up by a local newspaper!† (348). The attitude created in society is one which shows the same violence that is taking place in the war, despite the lack of knowledge or understanding of what is occurring in the war as well as why it is being fought. The them e of violence and how this takes over at every level is displayed through this dialogue and by showing that there is a sense of the war spreading because of attitudes, changing beliefs and the position of being involved in the war. The war, then, becomes one that is based on growing attitudes of violence over nothing that is occurring within society except for a desire to have money and oil. The theme continues with noting that the war is based not only on problems

Describe and Evaluate the Circumstances in Which a Term may be Implied Essay

Describe and Evaluate the Circumstances in Which a Term may be Implied Into a Contract - Essay Example In some occasions the courts will read a term into the contract even though there has been no agreement. This could happen where the contract would not make sense if the term were not included. Implied terms can be implied by statute or by the courts. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 demonstrates how implied terms are used in contract formation. S12 of this Act implies that the person selling the goods has a legal right to sell those goods. Similarly s13 implies that the goods will correspond to the description if the goods have been advertised in a newspaper or catalogue. There is an implied term regarding the satisfactory quality of the goods under s14. It was decided by the court in Benfield (t/a Autoroute Circuits) v Life Racing Ltd [2007]1 that there was no implied guarantee that a particular outcome would be achieved. The court also found that there was no evidence to prove that the defendant was relying on the plaintiff for such a guarantee. Similarly the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 also have terms which are implied into the contract. Within that Act there is an implication that the services will be carried out with reasonable skill and care, within a reasonable time and for a reasonable price. In the past the courts have allowed claims under this Act where the goods have been of unsatisfactory quality, where the order has been delivered late or where the price is deemed to be unreasonable. In Walker Crisps Stockbrokers Ltd v Savill [2007]2 the court found that there had been a breach of an implied term of the contract that the broker would carry out his duties with reasonable skill and care. However in the case of Evans v Kosmar Villa Holiday Plc [2007]3 the court of appeal overturned the original ruling that there was an implied term that the holiday company would exercise reasonable skill and care in the provision of facilities and service at the

Ideal Non Profit Organzation Essay Example for Free

Ideal Non Profit Organzation Essay My ideal non-profit organization would encompass the idea of enabling people from anywhere to have access to a free world-class education. My mission is to empower young people around the world in developing countries with the education and training they need to build a life of prosperity and opportunity. I envision a world of opportunity, where educated minds and skillful hands work together to uplift the next generation, breaking the cycle of poverty. By empowering young people with education, we are able to unlock the potential of an entire generation. I believe education is the world’s most powerful tool in fighting global prosperity. This organization is structured through student lending programs. We are going to have available to you stories from different people all across the world. You have to pick a story that inspires you the most and you already are taking the first step in making a difference in their lives. Once you have found a student you want to support, the next step is to make a loan. Before distributing a loan to a student however, we will verify that the student has been accepted to an academic institution and that he or she has a record of strong academic performance. Each loan gives the student a chance to achieve their dreams while learning the skills they need to help their families and transform their communities. One-hundred percent of the loan goes directly to the student you want to support. Once a student receives your loan, the student can then go through school and acquire the necessary education for their dream career. After receiving the required education and graduating, your loan will be refunded fully by the student. Each student has an individual repayment schedule that is tailored to his or her needs. Every month, as a student makes repayments, we deposit the money into an account you would have created with our website. We would operate on contributions from organizations and people just like you. Your donations help this organization expand to new countries and build new programs all over the world so that we may reach more students. Your donation would be greatly appreciated to give a student in the developing world with the education they need to graduate beyond poverty. Our organization’s goal is to help 1,000,000 students in countries to earn their degrees by 2020. Your donation allows 100% of all loans to go directly to the students. We will use every donation and dollar we receive to its upmost greatest impact in benefiting the students. Teachers, nurses, accountants, engineers, these are the young people who will change the world. Only education can make it possible. .

The Good Earth Point of View :: Good Earth Essays

The Good Earth Point of View The Good Earth is a third-person narrative, but the story it tells is Wang Lung's. Everything that happens is described as he experiences it and as it affects him. The narrator explains Wang Lung's thoughts and feelings but almost never those of other characters. You understand them through their words and actions. This is obviously a rather limiting way of telling a story. In staying strictly within Wang Lung's experience, the narrator can't be all-knowing. You might think that the novel could have been written in the first person, with Wang Lung as the "I." But this hero is an uneducated, indeed an illiterate farmer, and if the story were told in his words the novel would be limited not only to his experiences but to his vocabulary. In using the third-person form the narrator has somewhat more scope. Yet the scope is quite limited. For example, when O-lan brings a bowl of tea to her husband on the first morning of their marriage, you know that she is afraid of him only because he sees the fear in her expression. Later you see that O-lan comes to trust her husband from the way that she goes about her work, taking her full share of the toil as an equal partner, and also from the way she offers advice to Wang Lung on the rare occasions when a crisis moves her to break her customary silence. Just as the characters are described only as they affect Wang Lung, every event is told only as it relates to him. Drought, flood, locusts--all are part of the story only as they affect Wang Lung. Wars are fought all over China and robber bands plunder and murder in the villages, but we learn of these dire events only as Wang Lung does. His uncle turns out to be a member of a notorious band of brigands. He learns that a robber band raided the House of Hwang during the famine. His cousin brings a band of soldiers into his house. He learns that his third son has become a high official in the "revolution.

Cmis102 Assignment 1

CMIS102 Homework Assignment 1 (Worth 13% of your grade) Problem definition: Calculate the usable area in square feet of house. Assume that the house has a maximum of four rooms, and that each room is rectangular. A. Problem Analysis – Following the directions in the assignment, clearly write up your problem analysis in this section. This program will compute the area of a house that has four rectangular rooms. Output is the value of the total area (total_area) of the house and is to be calculated by area/length/width input (A1, A2, A3, A4, L1, L2, L3, L4, W1, W2, W3, and W4) variables declared as float variables.The program will utilize the standard mathematical formula of obtaining area of a rectangle: A = L*W. As well, the formula will be coded in the program as Area=length*width (A=L*W) respectively for each room. L1 = length of first room, as float W1 = width of first room, as float A1=L1*W1 L2 = length of first room, as float W2 = width of first room, as float A2=L2*W2 L3 = length of first room, as float W3 = width of first room, as float A3=L3*W3 L4 = length of first room, as float W4 = width of first room, as float A4=L4*W4 B.Program Design – Following the directions in the assignment, clearly write up your problem design in this section and comment your pseudocode. Raptor software will be used in designing and testing this program. The three fundamental tasks of creating a program will be incorporated: 1) Input Data: Use of Raptor to add Input and Assignment symbols will allow user to input data when running the program. The Main and Input_Data modules will heavily use the Input and Assignment symbols in Raptor. In the Input_Data_module, variables will be assigned and declared.As well, the Main module will execute the entire program by calling the completed sub-charts. 2) Calculate formula: Use formulas to attain total_area of the house by calculating area of each of the four rooms. total_area = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 to get the sums of all are as we must calculate the formula for each room A1 = L1*W1 A2 = L2*W2 A3 = L3*W3 A4 = L4*W4 3) Obtain Output: The program will display the result of total_area from process and calculation in the previous two steps. The design of the modular program will be created in Raptor and the design will look like this: Main module:Comment: â€Å"This program computes the total area of a four bedroom house in square footage. Call Input_Data_module Call Calculations_module Call Output_Data_module End Input_Data_Module: Write â€Å"Length of first room† (L1) Write â€Å"Width of first room† (W1) Write â€Å"Length of second room† (L2) Write â€Å"Width of second room† (W2) Write â€Å"Length of third room† (L3) Write â€Å"Width of third room† (W3) Write â€Å"Length of fourth room† (L4) Write â€Å"Width of fourth room† (W4) Call Calculations_module End Perform Calculations module: Declare A1, A2, A3, and A4; as floatSet A1 = L1*W1 Set A2 = L2*W2 Set A3 = L3*W3 Set A4 = L4*W4 Set total_area = (A1+A2+A3+A4) End Output Data module: Write â€Å"The total area of house is:† + total_area End C. Program Comments and Test Data – Following the directions in the assignment, include your test data and expected results in this section. Table 1. Include your test data table here TEST RUN OF DATA INPUT INTO PROGRAM Room#:| Input: Length & Width (in feet)| | Expected Output: Footage of house (in feet)| | Test Run 1| Area of Rectangle 😠 A=L*W| Room 1| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5|Room 2| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5| Room 3| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5| Room 4| L=10, W=5| | 50=10*5| | Total Area=A1+A2+A3+A4:| 200 sq ft. | | Test Run 2| Area of Rectangle 😠 A=L*W| Room 1| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| Room 2| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| Room 3| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| Room 4| L=12, W=6| | 72=12*6| | Total Area=A1+A2+A3+A4:| 288 sq ft. | | Test Run 3| Area of Rectangle 😠 A=L*W| Room 1| L=20, W=10| | 200=20*10| Room 2| L=20, W=10| 200=20* 10| Room 3| L=20, W=10| 200=20*10| Room 4| L=20, W=10| | 200=20*10| | Total Area=A1+A2+A3+A4:| 800 sq ft. |

Alan Mulally, Ceo Ford Motor Company Essay

This paper will discuss Alan Mulally and the role of leadership and how it affects organizational performance. Alan Mulally is currently the Chief Executive Officer for Ford Motor Company, a position that he has held since 2006 (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 543). This paper will discuss the leadership style of Alan Mulally and explain how his actions fit a particular leadership style by listing examples. His goal setting process will also be discussed along with how the process helped Ford Motor Company increase its performance. Mulally’s communication elements will also be assessed along with the effectiveness of his leadership style to determine if it should change or stay the same. Discuss the role of leadership and how it can impact organizational performance. Organizational performance can be impacted greatly by their leaders. In order to understand how much impact leaders can have, one must first understand what leadership is. Leadership, as defined by Harvard University business professor D. Quinn Mills, is â€Å"a process by which one person influences the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of others. Leaders set a direction for the rest of us; they help us see what lies ahead; they help us visualize what we might achieve; they encourage us and inspire us. Without leadership a group of human beings quickly degenerates into argument and conflict, because we see things in different ways and lean toward different solutions. Leadership helps to point us in the same direction and harness our efforts jointly. Leadership is the ability to get other people to do something significant that they might not otherwise do. It’s energizing people toward a goal.† (Mills, 2005, p.12) Organizational performance is a reflection of its leaders performance and ability to lead. It is important for leaders to have the company’s best interest at heart and that they are not only out to achieve personal gain.  Leaders have to have the ability to motivate their followers and encourage promising results. The case study showed that Alan Mulally had the right attitude and the ambition to lead. Mulally cared about his customers and employees and was passionate about his business and the work that he did. A leader has to make a commitment to his or her vision, to the organization, and to the members of the organization. A leader can’t be committed one day and uninterested the next. People will judge a leader by his or her commitment, and will commit themselves no more than the leader does. A leader assumes a considerable amount of responsibility—not just for the mission that he or she urges others to accept, nor just for the organization he or she heads, but for his or her followers, their lives and efforts, as well (Mills, 2005, 14). Discuss Mulally’s leadership style at Ford Motor Company and provide examples of how his actions fit this style. Mulally’s leadership style can best be defined as Transformational Leadership. This leadership style involves anticipating future trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a new vision of possibilities, developing others to be leaders or better leaders, and building the organization or group into a commu nity of challenged and rewarded learners (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 328). Transformational leadership allows the leader to influence their followers and make them a part of the transformation as well. Mulally has many aspects that makes him a transformational leader. He came to Ford Motor Company with a vision for the future of the company and began implementing it day one. He solicited input from his employees by holding meetings with his employees every Thursday morning. He believed that each department contributed to the companies performance as a whole. Transformational leaders challenges and motivates others as well as cares about the success of their followers as well. Alan Mulally is a true Transformational leader for these reasons and many more. Discuss how goal setting helped Ford improve its performance. Goal setting is an important part of a company’s success. Implementation is an even more important step. Excellent goals can be made, but if action is not taken then they don’t mean anything. It’s the action that makes the true  difference and can actually make a change in performance. When Mulally came to Ford he created a new set of goals and a revised definition for the company. There were four goals total, and they were labeled as â€Å"Expected Behaviors.† These goals were listed on one side of a plastic card while â€Å"One Ford,† the revised definition of the company was listed on the other. The four expected behaviors are Foster Functional and Technical Excellence, Own Working Together, Role Model Ford Values, and Deliver Results. The new definition of the company, titled â€Å"One Ford† was listed as One Team, One Plan, and One Goal (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 545). â€Å"Ford’s financial independence is largely due to a new operational discipline that Mulally has installed, as well as some timely strategic moves he initiated. So while GM suffered the ignominy of seeing the Treasury Department’s auto task force depose chairman and CEO Rick Wagoner, and Chrysler has declared bankruptcy, Ford stands alone as an independent company and, potentially, a Detroit survivor† (Taylor, 2009). This shows that Mulally brought a different mindset to Ford Motor Company and has helped it avoid drastic financial troubles as its other American born competitors GM and Chrysler. Assess Mulally on each element in communication openness including message transmission, trust, agendas and goals. Alan Mulally came to Ford Motor Company with change on his mind. In order for change to be effective, communication is the key. Alan Mulally is a leader that leads by example which is also important in the realm of communication. In many cases your actions make a bigger difference than your words. As far as the elements of communication openness goes, Mulally was very effective with getting his point across. Mulally communicated his goals by listing them on a plastic card and labeling them as â€Å"Expected Behaviors.† He communicated his agenda by holding Thursday morning meetings with his direct reports and 12 functional areas of the company. Mulally builds trust from  his reputation from Boeing and his openness of company happenings. Mulally is open with his employees about what goes on in the company and feels like everyone should be in the know. Evaluate the effectiveness of Mulally’s leadership style and recommend whether he should continue with this style, or use a different style. I believe that Mulally has a remarkably effective leadership style and that he should not change a thing. Mulally holds meetings every Thursday morning at 8:00am with his direct reports, discussing their four profit areas. After that he has presentations from 12 functional areas of the company. Mulally believes that everyone has to be involved and has to know what is going on (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 545). Mulally doesn’t grind his employees with questions to humiliate them. Instead he looks forward and tries to create a plan. He also doesn’t allow Blackberry devices or side conversations in the meeting room (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 545). This alone shows that Mulally has Ford’s best interest at heart and he wants all of his executives to take their jobs seriously. References Eblin, S. (2009). Five Things Alan Mulally is Doing to Help Ford Win. Retrieved From:http://blogs.govexec.com/executivecoach/2009/09/five_things_ alan_mulally_is_do.php Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (2011). Organizational behavior: 2011 custom edition (13th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Mills, D. Q. (2005). Leadership How to Lead, How to Live. Retrieved from: http://www.mindedgepress.com/PDFs/htlhtl.pdf Taylor III, A. (2009) Fixing up Ford. Retrieved from: http://money.cnn.com/2009/05/11 /news/companies/mulally_ford.fortune/index.htm

Sex Education is the Only Way to Eliminate Many Issues, Including Teen Pregnancy

Sex Education is the Only Way to Eliminate Many Issues, Including Teen Pregnancy Sex Education – Teach It! Every society has its array of problems. Rape, incest, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are just a few examples of societal issues regarding sexual intercourse between human beings. Thankfully, sex education is incorporated into many curriculums all over the world – teaching preteens about the birds and the bees, about the reproductive systems, etc. – and it’s certainly effective in cutting down on these problems; but sex education does not and cannot on its own eradicate rape, incest, teen pregnancy, and STDs; it needs the help of two other elements, as well: 1) Legalizing prostitution between consenting adults should not only be legal but encouraged. 2) Every school district in the world should teach middle and high school students personal finance, success planning, and entrepreneurial skills. A World Void of Sex Education Would Change the Way Humans Live Sex education is certainly a big piece of the pie. Without it, there is no direction in which to steer one’s life; a world void of sex education would change the way humans live – people’s lives would be entirely reactive, rather than proactive. With no sex education, it would be normal for 13-year-olds to give birth; or for men to rape others; for people not to practice safe-sex methods and use contraceptives, and then get abortions as frequent as flu shots, or even contract and spread sexually transmitted diseases like colds. But, no – we in America begin sex education generally around our fourth-grade year in school, just a year or two before puberty sets in. There may be some Family Health segments in the middle-school curriculum, but by the time we enter high school, we no longer see sex education in the classroom. That is a problem in the effort to eliminate these major problems that most societies face. Do you want to eliminate these problems in society? Then also legalize prostitution for adults, age 18 and up. The world should use the Netherlands as an example. Cities like Amsterdam have â€Å"red light† districts, with prostitutes, exotic dancers, and peep shows. The government regulates the field like any health job – with health checks, certain health standards, and codes, and so on. If countries were to enact laws legalizing prostitution (the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment), then the number of rapes, instances of incest and STDs would plummet. When adults have quick access to sexual intercourse, they satisfy a powerfully motivating instinct, one that too many people cannot reason within, and so they rape others; or people (teens included) have impulsive, random sex with strangers, then contract AIDS. In addition to sex education, legal prostitution would eliminate many problems in society. It should be legal and eve n encouraged, especially when it comes to sex-hungry young adults. Sex Education Doesn’t Solve Everything In addition to sex education, school systems should also incorporate courses that teach middle and high school students the principles of success, of life planning, goals, business and entrepreneurship and personal finance. This would help cut down on, if not one day completely eradicate, various societal problems – such as teen pregnancies, for one, because it would encourage and train students to look way into the future to see what kind of life they wanted to live, the career they wanted to have, the person they wanted to be. They would see their future and make goals for success and develop a plan that gets them to this objective – and most times, they will see that having a child too young and starting a family before they even finish college is a life full of financial and emotional strain. These courses would help students take control of their lives, planning them out step by step and making goals for themselves to ensure their success. This would certainly cut down on problems like teen pregnancy and unprotected sex. Let’s conclude this argument by saying once again that sex education is of course an effective method in preventing such issues like teen pregnancy, but there is more to it than that. Equally important is the legalization of prostitution, which would cut down on rape, incest and other sexually related crimes: people would have the option of paying for their sex, and it’s more humane than them taking their sex, stealing it from the protesting bodies of unwilling people. Also, when we teach young people how to have success, they don’t make bad decisions, such as an unwanted pregnancy.

6 Essential Formatting Tips for Academic Papers

6 Essential Formatting Tips for Academic Papers 6 Essential Formatting Tips for Academic Papers Writing a good paper is one thing; making it look professional is another thing entirely. Yet the presentation of your work can affect its clarity, as well as creating a good (or bad) first impression for your reader. As such, formatting is essential. But Microsoft Word is a bloated, unwieldy beast of a word processor, with a huge array of options. Luckily, then, we’ve prepared this quick guide to the basics of formatting an academic document. 1. Headings and Styles The â€Å"Styles† in Microsoft Word are preformatted text styles that you can customize and use in your work, thereby ensuring formatting is applied consistently throughout a document. The Styles menu. Perhaps the most important are the â€Å"Heading† styles, as these also let you automatically generate a dynamic table of contents. 2. Give Yourself Space Tightly packed text is difficult to read, so make sure to use paragraph and line spacing effectively. Paragraph spacing refers to the gap between paragraphs in your document that appears when you hit return. Line spacing is the space between each line within a paragraph (many schools require papers to be double spaced). Line and paragraph spacing can both be adjusted via the â€Å"Paragraph† section of the â€Å"Home† tab. Adjusting line spacing. 3. What’s Your Alignment? As much as we’d love this to be about DD, we’re actually talking about text alignment (i.e. the way text is presented in a document). Left aligned, centered, right aligned and justified text. Generally, â€Å"Justified† looks neatest for the main text in a paper since it creates neat blocks, but you might want to use â€Å"Centered† or â€Å"Left† for headings. As with line and paragraph spacing, text alignment can be adjusted using the â€Å"Paragraph† options. 4. Marginal Interests If you check your college style guide, you might find that it specifies a size for the margins in your document. This can be adjusted via the â€Å"Margins† button on the â€Å"Page Layout† tab. Margin size, as well as other page layout options. If your style guide doesn’t offer any advice, we suggest around 1.5† for the left margin and 1† for the right margin. This looks tidy while giving plenty of space for feedback. 5. We’ve Got Your Number Ever printed a 20,000 word paper and then dropped the entire thing on the floor? If so, you’ll know how important page numbers can be for keeping everything in order. Basic page numbers can be added quickly via the â€Å"Page Number† menu in the â€Å"Insert† tab. For longer documents, you might also want to check out some of the advanced options. Adding page numbers. 6. Time for a Break Not a rest, silly goose. Page and section breaks. These let you start a new chapter on a new page, ensuring your document looks tidy whatever changes you make while editing. A page break simply begins on a new page, whereas a section break can also be used to apply different styles of formatting to different parts of a document. Both can be added via the â€Å"Breaks† menu on the â€Å"Page Layout† tab in Microsoft Word. Page and section breaks.

Texts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Texts - Essay Example A development that has been emulated by the US, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand with a similar trend being noted in other emerging and developed economy countries. This is a sector growth that has seen an increase in enrollees and simultaneously, teachers, textbooks, journals, conferences, support systems and organizations for tourism education (Airey and Johnson, 1999). This is a growth that has worried the Council for Academic Awards (1993) who made known their unease at the rapid growth in the area. Citing Airey and Johnson, (1999) a lack of common agreement regarding the tourism program curriculum and the lack of basic definitions and parameters within which the course should be taught and developed made the organization worry about the teaching methodology used by the varying universities and educators. As of 1997, this has yet to be agreed upon (Tribe, 1997) due to the ability of the academics to develop its own concepts and approaches. According to Cooper, Scales, and Westlake (1992) this is because the course curriculum tends to take on the knowledge and ability of those teaching the courses involved. WhileKoh (1994) developed studies that indicated the individual influences of the educators had the ability to affect the biases of the professors depending upon their experiences within the tourism industry. Airey (1997) does not see any problem with this type of teaching as the curriculum is in its infancy stages and still has room for perspective and insight development. One of the biggest problems that this non-uniform definition creates is the confusion that it causes for the course applicants, students, and employers. As Koh (1994) explains: if tourism hopes to gain professional recognition, curriculum diversity cannot be allowed to continue because professionalism demands standardization. Jaspers (1997) supported this assumption by

Histology of the skin Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Histology of the skin - Term Paper Example Continued pressure on the skin may cause it to thicken. The appendages of the skin include the nails, hair, sweat gland, and oil glands (Milady 220). The skin is grouped into two main divisions namely the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis also known as cuticle is the outermost layer of the skin. Its main purpose is to offer protection to the body. It is the thinnest layer and contains no blood vessels but has numerous small nerve endings. The layer is divided into five sub-layers namely the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum (Milady 220). Stratum corneum or horny layer is the outermost layer of the epidermis. It is composed of packed scale-like cells, which are usually shed off and replaced by other new cells coming to the surface from the layers beneath it. The cells are made up of chemical proteins known as Keratin, which mixes with sebum, a thin layer of oil, to aid in protecting and waterproofing the horny layer (Milady 220). The stratum lucidum also known as clear layer lies underneath the horny layer. It consists of small transparent cells through which rays from the sun pass. The stratum granulosum or granular layer consists of a group of cells that resembles granules. The cells are usually dead and are normally pushed to the surface to substitute the cells that have been shed from the stratum corneum (Busam, and Goldblum 2). The stratum spinosum or spiny layer is a sub-layer and usually lies above the basal stratum and beneath stratum granulosum. Milady (220) notes that it is in the stratum spinosum that the process that causes skin cells to shed starts. The stratum germinativum, malpighian, or basal cell layer is part of the epidermis found deepest. It consists of a dark pigment known as melanin that protects the skin from ultraviolet rays of the sun. It is also responsible for development of the epidermis (Milady 220). Dermis also

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace - Essay Example Issues of diversity have gained prominence and they have been forecast to become very important in the future; this is because of the increase in diversity in different demographics across many countries. Many organizations have realized the importance diversity, they are considering different options that will make such workplaces to be all-inclusive, and this is because diversity can bring positive results in terms of productivity and competition. Effective management of people encompass implies proper management of diversity and correct valuation of the same. Understanding the concept of diversity People in a group can choose to identify and categorize themselves using factors, which seem similar or different to them, and thus the term diversity becomes a very subjective intonation. Mazur (2010) defines diversity to be those features, which differentiate one category of people from another, and these features are based on two different dimensions, which are identified as either pr imary or secondary. Primary dimensions of diversity implies those that people identify with and include primal influences such as disability, gender, race, sexual orientation, age or ethnicity. These primal influences have been found to have a lot of influence on the different categories in not only the workplace but to the whole society. Secondary dimensions on the other hand, are not very discernible and the influence they exert in the workplace is variable, and only relevant to the extent of personal identity. They may include such factors such as family status, educational background, geographic location, work experience, role in the organization, style of work, religion, income, style of communication and first language (Mazur, 2010). The latter dimension has been found to have a lot of impact in an individual’s self-esteem and personal definition and realization. The concept of diversity is not limited to these examples above; it manifests itself differently to a given environment. Arredondo (2004) includes language, culture and social class to the first dimension, the primary dimension while he adds healthcare beliefs and leisure benefits to the secondary proportions. Other writers have further added the third category of dimension to the first two dimensions, the tertiary dimension (Bolton, 2007). This has frequently been identified as the central feature of an individual’s identity and it is at the base of the surface. It is the most important, because if it is uncovered it can propel both the individual and the organizations to higher echelons. Understanding cultural diversity in the workplace Cultural diversity in the workplace is the situation where people with diverse behaviors and worldviews come as one in the workplace. The depiction of people, in one social system who are a distinct group with diverse associations of cultural importance aptly summarizes the definition of cultural diversity. Empirical studies and analysis on cultur al diversity in the workplaces with emphasis on the value of such diversity have revealed that effectiveness is always realized. Consequently, empirical studies that have focused their research on such issues as social identity and other self-categorization concepts have revealed that

Reflection on Global Operation Management Essay Example for Free

Reflection on Global Operation Management Essay Pietra Rivoli who is an associate professor in the Georgetown University, specializes in finance and social issues, and is the author of the book, ‘The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy’. The main reason which instigated Rivoli to write this book, was a speech a student had given at the Georgetown University, the student was severely criticizing globalization, and asking about who made the T-shirts they were wearing. She told some facts about child labor in India and Vietnam, which made everybody, sit up and think, including Rivoli. Rivoli then starts on a journey to find out some interesting facts about the origin of the T-shirt. Her case study starts in Texas at the home of Nelson Reinch, who produces enough cotton for more than 1.3 million T-shirts. Reinch and his colleagues control the whole world market of cotton, through hard work, determination, modern technology and much needed discounts from the government. Reinch was no where in comparison to the poor farmers in India and Africa, who did not have proper funds or government support in marketing their goods. Rivoli’s next stop was China, were she met a young woman Yuang Zhi, who spun the yarn for the fabric and sewed the shirt. This young lady worked for 50 hours a week, and earned nearly $150 per month. This woman’s working conditions were far better than the conditions in which women had to work previously in Manchester and England. This was probably the woman’s first encounter with independence and identity, which came in the form a paycheck, even though it was a small amount.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most important point which was very surprising was that, throughout the world there must be millions of people who manufacture cotton, but the manufacturers from Texas were totally dominating the cotton industry, because of their shrewd manner by which they manage to avoid competition. These manufacturers manage to control the market by avoiding the labor market, which make the other manufacturers unable to compete with them due to no government and political assistance, lack of proper education and money. People who support globalization vow by the free trade of clothes, as it can be used to the advantage of the poorer countries. Rivoli was surprised to find that how recycled clothes from the USA were a rage in Tanzania. Used clothes from America get imported in huge quantities to Tanzania. Tanzania is a small country which was slowly proceeding towards a more liberal capitalist system from the socialist model. People are able to freely take part in the daily auctions of the clothes at the market place, and merchants are also making a mark for themselves in the cutthroat markets as consumers or retailers. Rivoli feels that free trade should be encouraged without any government or political interference in the markets. According to the author, United States is on the top of the market whereas Africa is at the bottom; she feels that USA will have a better chance to make progress economically if they give a reasonable chance of competition to other poorer countries. Tanzania is a proper example of how a free market should work, and these markets are extremely professional, but do not get acknowledged, because of the low capital raised through such markets, which is not significant. Two of the most important principles which need to be followed are that, government and political interference should not be there in any market. Another point is that the subsidy which US government gives the cotton manufacturers is indirectly harming other poorer countries. Rich people are becoming wealthier and the poor are becoming poorer. If the subsidies are reduced, the price of cotton can be increased, which would be beneficial to other poorer markets. Another important point which is a shock is that the clothes that people donate, are not given away freely to poor people, but are sold to middlemen for huge profits, which later land in the streets of   the Tanzania marketplace. Some of the most important principles which can be followed by other industries also are that free market in any trade should be encouraged, and people should have the power to voice their demands, meaning a free democracy should be prevalent to achieve a fruitful society. Government should support free trade in any industry, and should provide the necessary platform in the form of proper education and capital to help the markets grow. Some of the other reasons for the trouble that African industries are facing are the lack of proper authority, which is due to no proper education, corruption and insecurity. The author Rivoli made a very good job of the book, she was successful in exposing the secrets and complications of the cotton trade globally.   Her views on free trade and liberal democracy are very interesting, and should be followed by the authorities of the poorer countries for a better society. On the whole she succeeded in voicing her thoughts and opinions on the recycle market in Tanzania, and hopefully, their government will provide a strong platform for such global trades. References Kris Hundley, What a T-shirt Teaches Series., St Petersburg Times, 4 October 2007, http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/sptimes/access/819871301.html?MAC=02bf1feb f29a46475f850792f7bc0fa9did=819871301FMT=FTFMTS=FTdate=author=pu b=printformat=1desc=What+a+T-shirt+teaches+Series%3A+BOOKS. Lauren Dorsey, Lauren Barbieri, Zack Thomas, ‘The Travelers of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy, by Pietra Rivoli’, 4 October 2007, http://www-learning.berkeley.edu/cipolat/PDF/ISF100E/Student%20Summaries/Rivoli.pdf.

My Philosophy :: Philosophy Education Teaching Teachers Essays

My Philosophy Everyday we learn, whether we are conscious of it or not. Since primate times to the new generations. Primates taught their kids how to hunt, those kids taught the next generation, and the chain of teaching still exists because we still learn new data, and information every day in our lives. We gain this new information primarily from our parents and teachers. I thank God for all the people who had taught me the things that I know, and helped me to realize that education is a necessity in my life. Education is a necessity in our lives. We need to go to school to become well prepare persons in the future. If I did not have the education I have today, probably I would be working at a Jack in the Box fast food restaurant, or at Wal-Mart. I am not saying that these work places are not dignify, but I would not had the benefits I have, and all the knowledge I have conquer through out the years of education, and experience. Becoming a teacher is one of the greatest experiences in my life. I will confess, teaching was not in my plans, but Gadsden School District gave me the opportunity to become a music teacher. In the district, I found out that becoming an educator is not about money, vacation, or sick leaves. This profession has to do with the satisfaction of seeing your kids accomplish their dreams, and goals. We all have experience these wonderful school satisfactions, through kindergarten, all the way to University. I remember when I f irst wrote my name in a piece of paper, I was all happy because of what I have accomplished. Since then, I have achieved many goals, and dreams. Now, I have realized that I am giving the same educational opportunities to f ind fulfillment to my music students. This fulfillment is visible when I teach them a new rhythm, or a new song. Like myself, my music students walk out of my classroom happy, and proud due to the new knowledge they have accomplish. On the other hand, I could not have achieved these goals and dreams without the help of all my professors. In all the years I have been going to school, many teachers are still in my mind.

Questionnair on customer satisfaction of bank Essay

To make a questionnaire first of all we need to understand management problem of SBI Bank. For that we need to know Why Customers are dissatisfied? Research Question: Now we need to understand where the problem is. Is it that Service Provided by SBI bank is not up to the mark or Staff member are not efficient and effective in their work or communication and after care services are not efficient or product offer by bank is not up to the mark. These are four areas in which management problem needs to be identiefied.This is known as Research Question. Investigative Question : Now we have identified problem area so now we need to examine different aspects of particular problem area its is known as investigative question. Eg. Service Provided by SBI is helpful? Service is being provided timely? In Second area of Problem of staff member, we need to Examine that information provided by staff member is easy to understand Staff member are Help full In third problem area of after care service, we need to examine whether account is Keep up to date or not? Queries are attended promptly Measurement Question: Now we need to convert investigative question in to normal layman language so that person can Understand and can answer properly. Myself Khushbu Desai. I am T.Y.B.B.A Finance student. I am doing study in B.R.C.M College of Business Administration. I have prepared a Questionnaire for Business Research Project Against Study of Customer Satisfaction for Customers of State Bank of India (SBI), Parle Point Branch. Please help me to do survey by rating the service that you currently receive from SBI Bank 5 = Excellent 4 = Good 3 = Average 2 = Poor 1 = Very Poor (Tick the boxes where appropriate) Â  

Martin Luther King in campaigning in the North Essay

In 1966 Martin Luther King decided to focus on dealing with the problems in the North particularly Chicago. The problems that he encountered here were very different to those that he had had so much success with in the South. Dealing with the economic and social segregation that he faced here proved difficult for several reasons. The problems facing blacks in the North, stemmed from a variety of different areas including education, employment, housing etc. Although King was able to identify the problems being faced in these areas, particularly housing, he still largely relayed on the same tactics that he and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) had used in the South. However, the mayor of Chicago (Daley) would avoid making a hostile response such as that of ‘Bull’ Connor in Birmingham. The authorities here were more subtle to avoid gaining the attention of the media e.g. the police would avoid using brutality and Daley even blamed violence for social decay*. This prevented the movement from gaining as much publicity and support as in previous years. King also tried to come to some sort of agreement with Daley regarding housing. However, Daley was reluctant to do so fearing the loss of votes of the white working class. Actions such as this added to the anger that blacks in Chicago felt towards the white authorities and increased their unwillingness to co-operate. Both Mayor Daley’s refusal to help and King’s disorganisation when planning the Chicago campaign played an important role in its failure. Chicago suffered more from problems in racial division than other cities in the North, and so perhaps it was not a good starting point for the campaign here. Locals would sometimes blame blacks for inciting race riots and these divisions were illustrated by the marches organised by the SCLC in 1966, which ended in violence from mobs. * * In Chicago most blacks lived in ghettoes to the south of the city. Therefore it appears reasonable that these people often found it difficult to relate to Martin Luther King and his middle class background. The SCLC had never had much grass roots support unlike other organisations, such as the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNNC). Although in the South this had  still allowed them to have success, in Chicago most blacks were working class and looking for improvements in housing, less poverty and some overall change brought about by an end to de facto segregation. However, in the South the need for change had been more political- an end to de jure segregation. Given these differences, many northern blacks felt that King’s non-violent philosophy did not represent their views. It would be difficult to change these attitudes – here, perhaps as a result of poverty, the amount of gang warfare and crime was much higher than in the South. Change would undoubtedly take time- more than the few months that the SCLC had planned for the campaign to last. There were quite clear social divisions between black communities in the South and North. One of the most important examples of this is that the churches in the North were not as successful at organising their community as churches in the South had been. This was partly due to a lack of co-operation, and partly due to the fact that the Christian faith was much stronger in the South. It was at this point that many blacks were beginning to join alternative ‘black power’ groups. Overall it appears that King underestimated the differences between the North and the South and the divisions that were evident amongst the black community. He was unfamiliar with the attitudes of those in the North and did not make an accurate assessment of the situation. As a result of this the tactics employed by the SCLC were not as successful as originally hoped. * http://www.revision-notes.co.uk/revision/59.html ** http://www.reportingcivilrights.org/

Writing Genres essays

Writing Genres essays Fiction is usually thought of as prose, while poetry is given a separate classification. Essays are a form of prose usually differing from fiction in that the essay is considered a real document and not a tale. The distinction among these three forms is not always that clear, and often the genres are deliberately blurred. For that matter, critics often find elements of one type or writing echoed in another. A writer such as Thomas Wolfe, for instance, is often cited for the poetic nature of his prose. Steinbeck wrote what are called the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath in the form of essays on topics related to the larger fictional portion of the novel. Some poetry reads more like prose than what is thought of as poetry until the reader analyzes the interior tensions of the words selected and how they fit into the whole. In much modern fiction, the three elements may be used in various ways in the same work in order to achieve some purpose or to illustrate some conc ept more fully. How these three can be fit together can be seen with reference to the poetry of She Tries Her Tongue: Her Silence Softly Breaks by M. Nourbese Philip and the more prose work Written on the Body by Jeanette Winterson. The way the different genres are mixed depends on how they are mixed. Poetry and prose can be differentiated strictly in terms of the way language is used in each, but there are also distinctions to be made in terms of subject matter and the treatment of subject matter. When critics say prose is poetic, they often mean the choice and use of language, but they may also mean the way certain subjects are treated. Similarly, the essay form may be adapted to either poetry or prose when the writer adopts the sort of personal account style that infuses so many essays today, an approach that can make fiction seem more real and that can tie together a book of poems that otherwise might be treated only as individual works. These t...

buy custom Transformations in the USA essay

buy custom Transformations in the USA essay For a long time, the issue of gender discrimination, class and race have been rampant in the United States. As indicated in the book Ragged Dick, written by Haratio Alger, the immigrants, majority of whom were from Africa, Europe and Asia communities were categorized by the dominant white race as minorities. The main aim of this paper is to compare the issues that are covered by Alger with other sources, both primary and secondary, with the basic aim of understanding life in the U.S. during as well as after the Civil War. Alger offers three distinct theories that help the reader understand the inequality that existed in the United States. This includes cultural deficiency, bias theory, and structural theory. The cultural deficiencies define the minority groups as inferior and having inappropriate ways of thinking, reasoning, and acting. It is notable that transformation that occurred in the U.S. resulted to industrialization and growth in commerce, although there were no any profound changes that took place until urbanization. For instance, Ragged Dick was involved into a shoe shining business that he highly considered his professional business, a factor that indicates the hard life faced by many immigrants, especially those from Canada, Latin America, Japan, Europe, and China. Most of the population in the inner cities was represented by immigrant, majority of who were living in deplorable conditions simply known as immigrant ghettos. Tales were also told in local languages, thus maintaining a close connection between the immigrants with the communities that they left in their home countries. There was the second-generation of immigrants, who demanded for equal rights, especially in the work places, a factor that significantly reduced discrimination in many places. Due to urbanization and industrialization, the immigrants were faced with various disturbing issues, such as frequency of great fires, diseases, plague, and overcrowding of the working class neighborhoods. Violence was also rampant leading to the establishment of larger and more professional police force. As explained by Alger, there were class divisions, which influenced growing interests in leisure. In conclusion one can see that, immigration resulted to overcrowding, corruption, among other vices, which have affected the U.S. society up to date. Transformations in the USA Alger discusses the issues of race, class, and gender in his book Ragged Dick. In the history of the United States, race, class and gender discrimination have been rampant during the past centuries. The migrants who were mainly the minority groups were categorized by the dominant white race representatives as minorities. This explains the transformations that have occurred in the history of the USA; thus, it is important to compare the issues covered by Alger and other primary and secondary sources in order to understand life in the United States during and after the Civil War. Alger brings up the issues of race, class, gender in his art and life. He provides readers with different ways to understand gender, racial, and class discrimination against then African immigrants in the US. There are many ways of understanding these inequalities because many people have different views on these topics. The USA is a state of many immigrants, groups, as well as cultures in its populations, and has experienced various problems considering the dominant minority relationships that have made the society increasingly diverse. Alger provides an understanding of the three important popular theories including cultural deficiency, bias theory, and structural theory. In this essay, I will explain the similarities of the issues covered by Alger in the Ragged Dick and various materials that describe different theories on class, racial, and gender discrimination. Cultural deficiencies have been used to define the minority groups as inferior and having inappropriate ways of thinking, reasoning, and acting. By this, I refer to the immigrants who are the minority in the US. These minority groups feel and act as if they are discriminated against. The ideas of discrimination are imparted to the younger generation because the minority group teaches these ideas to their children through their actions and words. In the 19th century, society typically associated race with ethnic identity and skin color as well as national identity. During the 19th century, the emergence of different races in the US made Italians to be seen as a different race then the Irish, for example; however, both were different from the Germans and the English. In Ragged Dick, Frank Whitneys father tells Dick to Remember that your future position depends mainly upon yourself, and that it will be high or low as you choose to make it1.Yet, the path to economic security and social mobility in the United States in the 19th century was seldom simple as seen from these statements and provided in the writings of Alger. Transformations that occurred in the United States of America occurred in several ways and led to industrialization and growth of commerce. However, there were no profound changes until the urbanization. US started as an agrarian economy, but advanced into an urban nation in the late 19th century. During the Civil War, the urban population increased at a high rate. Death and infant mortality rates grew in number while fertility rate decreased. However, urbanization was accelerated by immigration. During the 19th century, American citizens moved from areas with declining agricultural productivity to the cities of the East and Midwest. Most migrants were of African origin and were escaping poverty, conflicts, debt, and discrimination that they faced in the rural south. Discrimination was evident in the work places, particularly in the factories, since the black-skinned were only qualified to do unskilled labor as cooks or domestic servants. For example, Ragged Dick was involved into a shoe shining business that he considered his professional business2. Many African Americans were involved in hard labor as well as unskilled labor. The immigrants were also staying in absolute poverty, as explained by Ragged Dick that General Washington provided his pants and coats to him because he did not have any of his own. This also contributed to gender inequality in the work places because most of the unskilled labor was work undertaken by women. Foreign immigrants who migrated in large numbers influenced urban population; for instance, some of the immigrants were from Canada, Latin America, China, and Japan. The greatest number of new comers arrived from Europe. In the earlier years, some of the immigrants from Europe brought wealth with them. The ones who appeared later lacked capital to buy land and headed west. In addition, before the Civil War, Irish immigrants settled in the industrial areas where most of them got absorbed into unskilled labor3 Most of the population in the inner cities was represented by immigrants. This led to racism due to the diversity of the populace. Thus, by 1890, no single race dominated in the US. Most immigrants were rural people greatly affected by culture shock. Some of them managed to recover from culture shock by forming close-knit ethnic groupings within the inner cities and the neighborhood, commonly referred to as immigrant ghettos. These ethnic grouping offered new comers vital information from newspapers and theatres in native languages. There were also tales told in their local languages. This led to the emergence of community organizations where the immigrants maintained close ties with their native nations. They maintained close connections with the communities that they left in their home countries; some even returned within a very short term. On the other hand, other immigrants even assisted their communities to migrate to the US. Thus, the cultural cohesiveness helped to ease the pa in of separation from the immigrants native countries. This enabled them to adapt to the American economic life. The migrations that transformed the American society formed part of great global movement that influenced the entire world4. The major impact was provided by population growth and industrialization. The ethnic neighborhoods and the immigrant groups reinforced the cultural values that were well suited to economic development. However, discrimination by the whites made it difficult for some immigrants to advance. Among those affected are immigrants who had valuable skills as well as capital5. The immigrants who occupied the inner cities came to dominate due to assimilation and exclusion. Most of these occupants were young people who shared the experience of living in the inner cities. Hence, most of the immigrants with foreign-born ethnic ties were involved in a competition against the desire for assimilation. Second-geeneration immigrants decided to come with new ways of socialization; for instance, women demanded for their rights as a way of preventing forced marriages or gender discrimination in the workplace. The natives also influenced assimilation by requiring English to be included in the curriculum in public schools, and employers demanded that workers use English at the workplace. Church leaders were usually native born Americans or more assimilated immigrants who encouraged the new comers to adopt American lifestyle. Other reforms were made to conform to the norms of the new country. Consequently, many immigrants maintained their ethnic cultures and led to the creation of distinctive communities. There were restrictions that led to the screening of immigrants through standards like literacy tests; however, these restrictions kept away only a small number of aliens because the immigrants provided cheap and plentiful labor to the rapidly growing economy that accelerated the industrial development of the US5. Class system was very rampant because wealthy citizens were the principal force behind the creation of great art museum and other social and recreation facilities such as parks. As the material and social aspirations of the wealthy grew, they required the public life and demanded the city to provide them with amenities that would match their expectations. Due to urbanization and industrialization, the immigrants were faced with various disturbing facts including the frequency of great fires, diseases, plague, and overcrowding of the working class neighborhoods. The immigrants were exposed to improper disposal of human and industrial waste, air pollution. Above all, urban po verty, crime, and violence accelerated with little success due to the involvement of middle-class people who believed that a lot of assistance would contribute to dependency. They grew particularly alarmed over the increasing number of children in the inner cities that attracted a lot of attention among the reformers. However, the attention never lasted for long. Poverty and overcrowding led into crime and violence. The native-born Americans believed that immigrants committed crimes because of the violence proclivities among their populations. This led to the creation of larger and more professional police force. The immigrants could only seek protection from the political machine that owed its existence to the power vacuum that the growth of the cities created for the political voting power. Class divisions influenced the growing interest in leisure where members of the middle class spent a lot of time. Leisure life bridged the differences of class, race, and gender. For instance, saloons and certain sporting events were male activities6. According to Alger, Ragged Dick, like other immigrants, could socialize in gambling houses that were overcrowded by young boys who misused their hard earnings. At these meetings, the juveniles would take refreshments at two cents a glass. Shopping and attending the tearooms were associated with women. This is in contrast to the cafeteria attended by the immigrants. Alger explains that the tearoom that Ragged Dick attended was a small apartment with a few plain tables without tablecloths; the class of clients who attended it was not very familiar. The meals provided were substandard. On the other hand, popular forms of entertainment developed in the cities whereby many ethnic communities maintained their own style. The Media opened few entertainments to the black performers due to racial discrimination. In addition, performers of both races tailored their acts to prevailing white prejudices in a manner that ridiculed the blac ks. Discrimination was also prevalent in the schooling system. Even though compulsory school attendance laws existed, the rural school lagged behind the urban schools. In the South, most immigrants had no access to the public schools, but for the whites opportunities for schooling expanded drastically. In addition, during the post-Civil War era, there were important educational opportunities open for women, they were less for men and denied to black women7. In conclusion, immigration led to the development of cities characterized by corruption, filth, overcrowding, and diseases. The city governments were dominated by political machines and ruled by party bosses that were the major source of inefficiencies as well as corruption. These cities brought together races, ethnic groups, and class systems. Hence, the immigrants were greatly affected by racial, class and gender discrimination8. Buy custom Transformations in the USA essay